Psyc 305 Exam 5 Questions And
Answers 2024
Chapter 12 - Answers:
A dealer shuffles a standard pack of playing cards, including 26 red cards (diamonds and hearts)
and 26 black cards (spades and clubs), and turns the card on top of the deck face up. If the face-
up card is red, the gambler wins $11. If the face-up card is black, the gambler loses $9. Utility
maximization theory predicts which response? - Answers:Most people will accept the gamble
According to expected value theory, the overall expected value for this gamble is (0.5 × $11) +
(0.5 × -$9) = +$1. Therefore, assuming that the majority of people act completely rationally,
most people should accept the gamble.
Now consider the same gamble again: If the face-up card is red, the gambler wins $11; if the
face-up card is black, the gambler loses $9. Which response best describes actual people's
behavior? - Answers:Most people will reject the gamble
Research has shown that most people consider the prospect of a loss to be between 1.5 and 2
times more negative than the prospect of an equivalent gain is positive. This loss aversion
predicts that most people will not accept the gamble.
In a 1997 experiment, participants first were asked whether the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi
died before or after a certain age, and then were asked to guess the precise age at which Gandhi
died. People who were first asked whether or not Gandhi died at age 9 gave an estimate (50
years) much lower on average than those who were first asked whether or not he died at age 140
(67 years). This experiment is a perfect example of which of the following? - Answers:anchoring
The initial question anchored participants' subsequent judgments of Gandhi's precise age at his
death.
"Opt-in" organ donation programs, where adults can choose to enroll in the program, have
approximately 15% participation rates; "opt-out" organ donation programs, in which adults are
, enrolled by default and can choose to decline participation in the program, have approximately
90% participation rates. What best explains this difference? - Answers:Opt-out framing makes
organ donation seem normal, opt-in framing makes it seem like a special act.
People don't just weigh the costs and benefits of different options, how those options are framed
can influence their decisions.
A research study asked participants to estimate death rates for different causes. Participants
estimated that about four times more people die by homicide than from asthma, but the truth is
the reverse - approximately four times more people die from asthma than by homicide. Which
heuristic might cause this very incorrect estimation? - Answers:Availability heuristic: homicides
are reported in the news, so they are easier to recall than asthma deaths, which are rarely reported
in the news. News reports (and crime shows) make homicide deaths easier to recall and this
availability is taken as indicating their frequency.
People are often selective in how they search memory for evidence. As a result, they usually
search memory - Answers:for evidence that might confirm their current beliefs.
The text describes one study in which some participants were asked to come up with 6 examples
of times when they had been assertive in the past and others were asked to come up with 12
examples. Which of the following best describes the results of this study? - Answers:Participants
who were asked to come up with fewer examples judged themselves to be more assertive.
When people are explicitly told that a particular instance is NOT representative of the larger
group, they - Answers:often continue to reason as if the instance were indeed representative.
Which of the following is TRUE of covariation? - Answers:Illusory covariations sometimes
generate prejudice toward groups of people.
With regard to the "man who" arguments described by Nisbett and Ross (1980), - Answers:they
reflect our willingness to take a small sample of data as seriously as a larger sample.
"All rectangles have four sides. All squares have four sides. Therefore all rectangles are squares."
This incorrect statement is an example of - Answers:categorical syllogism.
Answers 2024
Chapter 12 - Answers:
A dealer shuffles a standard pack of playing cards, including 26 red cards (diamonds and hearts)
and 26 black cards (spades and clubs), and turns the card on top of the deck face up. If the face-
up card is red, the gambler wins $11. If the face-up card is black, the gambler loses $9. Utility
maximization theory predicts which response? - Answers:Most people will accept the gamble
According to expected value theory, the overall expected value for this gamble is (0.5 × $11) +
(0.5 × -$9) = +$1. Therefore, assuming that the majority of people act completely rationally,
most people should accept the gamble.
Now consider the same gamble again: If the face-up card is red, the gambler wins $11; if the
face-up card is black, the gambler loses $9. Which response best describes actual people's
behavior? - Answers:Most people will reject the gamble
Research has shown that most people consider the prospect of a loss to be between 1.5 and 2
times more negative than the prospect of an equivalent gain is positive. This loss aversion
predicts that most people will not accept the gamble.
In a 1997 experiment, participants first were asked whether the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi
died before or after a certain age, and then were asked to guess the precise age at which Gandhi
died. People who were first asked whether or not Gandhi died at age 9 gave an estimate (50
years) much lower on average than those who were first asked whether or not he died at age 140
(67 years). This experiment is a perfect example of which of the following? - Answers:anchoring
The initial question anchored participants' subsequent judgments of Gandhi's precise age at his
death.
"Opt-in" organ donation programs, where adults can choose to enroll in the program, have
approximately 15% participation rates; "opt-out" organ donation programs, in which adults are
, enrolled by default and can choose to decline participation in the program, have approximately
90% participation rates. What best explains this difference? - Answers:Opt-out framing makes
organ donation seem normal, opt-in framing makes it seem like a special act.
People don't just weigh the costs and benefits of different options, how those options are framed
can influence their decisions.
A research study asked participants to estimate death rates for different causes. Participants
estimated that about four times more people die by homicide than from asthma, but the truth is
the reverse - approximately four times more people die from asthma than by homicide. Which
heuristic might cause this very incorrect estimation? - Answers:Availability heuristic: homicides
are reported in the news, so they are easier to recall than asthma deaths, which are rarely reported
in the news. News reports (and crime shows) make homicide deaths easier to recall and this
availability is taken as indicating their frequency.
People are often selective in how they search memory for evidence. As a result, they usually
search memory - Answers:for evidence that might confirm their current beliefs.
The text describes one study in which some participants were asked to come up with 6 examples
of times when they had been assertive in the past and others were asked to come up with 12
examples. Which of the following best describes the results of this study? - Answers:Participants
who were asked to come up with fewer examples judged themselves to be more assertive.
When people are explicitly told that a particular instance is NOT representative of the larger
group, they - Answers:often continue to reason as if the instance were indeed representative.
Which of the following is TRUE of covariation? - Answers:Illusory covariations sometimes
generate prejudice toward groups of people.
With regard to the "man who" arguments described by Nisbett and Ross (1980), - Answers:they
reflect our willingness to take a small sample of data as seriously as a larger sample.
"All rectangles have four sides. All squares have four sides. Therefore all rectangles are squares."
This incorrect statement is an example of - Answers:categorical syllogism.
