Particles and Radiation Active Recall ANSWERS:
1. What is an atom made up 1. Protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in
of? shells surrounding the nucleus
2. What is the charge of a 2. +1.6x10-19
proton?
3. What is the mass of a 3. 1.673x10-27
proton?
4. What is the charge of a 4. 0
neutron?
5. What is the mass of a 5. 1.675x10-27
neutron?
6. What is the charge of an 6. -1.6x10-19
electron?
7. What is the mass of an 7. 9.11x10-31
electron?
8. What charge does a stable 8. 0, neutral, no charge
atom have?
9. Define specific charge, how 9. Specific charge is the ratio of charge to its mass.
it can be calculated and Calculated by charge/mass and units are CKg -1
therefore its units
10. How do you calculate the 10.Charge of protons/mass of nucleons
specific charge of a nucleus?
11. How do you calculate the 11.Charge of electrons either lost or gained/mass of
specific charge of an ion? nucleons
12. What does the A mean in the 12.Nucleon number, proton+neutron number, atomic
AXZ notation? mass
13. What does the X mean in the 13.The element
AXZ notation?
14. What does the Z mean in the 14.The atomic number, number of protons or electrons
AXZ notation?
15. How can you find the proton 15.Look at the Z number, the atomic number
number?
16. How can you find the 16.Subtract Z from A, subtract the proton number form
neutron number? number of nucleons (atomic mass-atomic number)
17. How can you find the 17.Look at Z number, the atomic number
electron number?
18. Define an isotope 18.An isotope is an atom of the same element that has a
different number of neutrons, but the same number
of protons.
19. Why are isotopes unstable? 19.Isotopes are unstable as they have an imbalance of
protons and neutrons
20. What are the impacts of 20.It makes them decay and emit radiation in order to
these isotopes being unstable? try and become more stable.
21. What is isotopic data? 21.Isotopic data is the different amounts of isotopes of
an element found within a substance.
22. What is isotopic data used 22.To find an isotopic signature, or find how long a
for? substance has been living/its origin.
23. How does carbon dating 23.They compare the amount of carbon 14 in the
work using isotopic data? substance with the half life to see how long the
substance has been alive/how long it has been
decaying for to find when it was alive.
24. What is the strong force? 24.The strong force is the force that keeps nucleons
together, and keeps an atom stable
25. Where does the strong force 25.In the nucleus
act?
26. What does the strong force 26.On quarks within the nucleus
act upon?
27. Why do we need the strong 27.To overcome the electrostatic repulsion between
force? protons in the nucleus to keep the nucleus together.
, 28. What is the repulsive range 28.0-0.5fm
of nuclear separation of the
strong force?
29. What is the attractive range 29.0.5-3fm
of nuclear separation of the
strong force?
30. When does the strong force 30.1fm
reach a maximum attractive
value?
31. What value does it have 31.0 attractiveness
after 3fm of separation between
nucleons?
32. What is the exchange 32.Gluon/pion
particle for the strong force?
33. Why does alpha decay take 33.When a nucleus is too heavy, unstable, has too many
place? protons
34. What products are made 34.Alpha particle creates new element alongside the
after an alpha decay? alpha particle itself.
35. What does an alpha particle 35.2 protons, 2 neutrons. A helium nucleus.
consist of?
36. What happens to a nucleus 36.Becomes more stable. Loses 2 protons and 2
when alpha is emitted? neutrons so atomic number goes down by two and
atomic mass goes down by four.
37. Why does beta minus decay 37.High energy electron emitted when too many
take place? neutrons compared to proton number.
38. What changes are made 38.A neutron converts to a proton and an electron is
within an atom for beta minus emitted.
decay to happen?
39. What products are made 39.A beta minus particle, another element and an anti
when a beta minus decay takes neutrino.
place?
40. What is a beta minus decay 40.A high energy electron
made out of?
41. What happens to nucleon 41.The nucleon number stays the same as the neutron
number when beta minus is decreases by one, whilst the proton increases by one,
emitted? Why? so it stays the same.
42. Why does beta plus decay 42.It takes place when the proton number is higher than
take place? the neutron number.
43. What changes are made 43.A proton turns into a neutron and a positron
within an atom for beta plus
decay to happen?
44. What products are made 44.Beta plus particle, new element and electron neutrino
when a beta plus decay takes
place?
45. What is a beta plus decay 45.High energy positron
made out of?
46. What happens to nucleon 46.Stays the same as the decrease in proton number is
number when beta plus is displaced by the increase in neutron number.
emitted? Why?
47. What is an electron 47.A particle with no mass or charge, hypothesised to
neutrino? conserve energy.
48. Where does an electron 48.Nucleus.
neutrino get emitted from?
49. Why was the electron 49.For conservation of energy.
neutrino hypothesised?
50. What do we have 50.
corresponding anti matter for?
51. What is the mass, rest mass- 51.Same mass, same rest mass energy, opposite charge
energy and charge of an
antimatter particle?
1. What is an atom made up 1. Protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in
of? shells surrounding the nucleus
2. What is the charge of a 2. +1.6x10-19
proton?
3. What is the mass of a 3. 1.673x10-27
proton?
4. What is the charge of a 4. 0
neutron?
5. What is the mass of a 5. 1.675x10-27
neutron?
6. What is the charge of an 6. -1.6x10-19
electron?
7. What is the mass of an 7. 9.11x10-31
electron?
8. What charge does a stable 8. 0, neutral, no charge
atom have?
9. Define specific charge, how 9. Specific charge is the ratio of charge to its mass.
it can be calculated and Calculated by charge/mass and units are CKg -1
therefore its units
10. How do you calculate the 10.Charge of protons/mass of nucleons
specific charge of a nucleus?
11. How do you calculate the 11.Charge of electrons either lost or gained/mass of
specific charge of an ion? nucleons
12. What does the A mean in the 12.Nucleon number, proton+neutron number, atomic
AXZ notation? mass
13. What does the X mean in the 13.The element
AXZ notation?
14. What does the Z mean in the 14.The atomic number, number of protons or electrons
AXZ notation?
15. How can you find the proton 15.Look at the Z number, the atomic number
number?
16. How can you find the 16.Subtract Z from A, subtract the proton number form
neutron number? number of nucleons (atomic mass-atomic number)
17. How can you find the 17.Look at Z number, the atomic number
electron number?
18. Define an isotope 18.An isotope is an atom of the same element that has a
different number of neutrons, but the same number
of protons.
19. Why are isotopes unstable? 19.Isotopes are unstable as they have an imbalance of
protons and neutrons
20. What are the impacts of 20.It makes them decay and emit radiation in order to
these isotopes being unstable? try and become more stable.
21. What is isotopic data? 21.Isotopic data is the different amounts of isotopes of
an element found within a substance.
22. What is isotopic data used 22.To find an isotopic signature, or find how long a
for? substance has been living/its origin.
23. How does carbon dating 23.They compare the amount of carbon 14 in the
work using isotopic data? substance with the half life to see how long the
substance has been alive/how long it has been
decaying for to find when it was alive.
24. What is the strong force? 24.The strong force is the force that keeps nucleons
together, and keeps an atom stable
25. Where does the strong force 25.In the nucleus
act?
26. What does the strong force 26.On quarks within the nucleus
act upon?
27. Why do we need the strong 27.To overcome the electrostatic repulsion between
force? protons in the nucleus to keep the nucleus together.
, 28. What is the repulsive range 28.0-0.5fm
of nuclear separation of the
strong force?
29. What is the attractive range 29.0.5-3fm
of nuclear separation of the
strong force?
30. When does the strong force 30.1fm
reach a maximum attractive
value?
31. What value does it have 31.0 attractiveness
after 3fm of separation between
nucleons?
32. What is the exchange 32.Gluon/pion
particle for the strong force?
33. Why does alpha decay take 33.When a nucleus is too heavy, unstable, has too many
place? protons
34. What products are made 34.Alpha particle creates new element alongside the
after an alpha decay? alpha particle itself.
35. What does an alpha particle 35.2 protons, 2 neutrons. A helium nucleus.
consist of?
36. What happens to a nucleus 36.Becomes more stable. Loses 2 protons and 2
when alpha is emitted? neutrons so atomic number goes down by two and
atomic mass goes down by four.
37. Why does beta minus decay 37.High energy electron emitted when too many
take place? neutrons compared to proton number.
38. What changes are made 38.A neutron converts to a proton and an electron is
within an atom for beta minus emitted.
decay to happen?
39. What products are made 39.A beta minus particle, another element and an anti
when a beta minus decay takes neutrino.
place?
40. What is a beta minus decay 40.A high energy electron
made out of?
41. What happens to nucleon 41.The nucleon number stays the same as the neutron
number when beta minus is decreases by one, whilst the proton increases by one,
emitted? Why? so it stays the same.
42. Why does beta plus decay 42.It takes place when the proton number is higher than
take place? the neutron number.
43. What changes are made 43.A proton turns into a neutron and a positron
within an atom for beta plus
decay to happen?
44. What products are made 44.Beta plus particle, new element and electron neutrino
when a beta plus decay takes
place?
45. What is a beta plus decay 45.High energy positron
made out of?
46. What happens to nucleon 46.Stays the same as the decrease in proton number is
number when beta plus is displaced by the increase in neutron number.
emitted? Why?
47. What is an electron 47.A particle with no mass or charge, hypothesised to
neutrino? conserve energy.
48. Where does an electron 48.Nucleus.
neutrino get emitted from?
49. Why was the electron 49.For conservation of energy.
neutrino hypothesised?
50. What do we have 50.
corresponding anti matter for?
51. What is the mass, rest mass- 51.Same mass, same rest mass energy, opposite charge
energy and charge of an
antimatter particle?
