Cognitive Neuroscience Exam 1 (Ch. 1 - 4) questions
with correct answers
Cognition Correct Answer-Translates to the faculty of knowing. In
practice it is the set of processes (cognitive
functions) that allow humans and many other animals to perceive
external stimuli, to
extract key information and hold it in memory, and ultimately to
generate thoughts and
actions that help reach desired goals.
Mind Correct Answer-The vehicle that carries out processing of
cognition
Behaviorism Correct Answer-Emphasis on highly controlled
experiments that matched objective external stimuli to
measurable behavior. Examine how changes in stimulus could shape
how individuals
adapt their behavior to the demands of the environment.
Cognitive Science Correct Answer-Unifies research on mental processes
regardless of the specific topic, experimental
approach, method, or even discipline. It focuses on information
processing associated
with cognitive functions, and includes research with human participants,
studies in non-
human animals, and computational simulation of cognitive functions.
,Cognitive Models Correct Answer-Describe the underlying
psychological processes.
Psychological Constructs Correct Answer-Elements of cognitive models
created to help explain diverse phenomena without
reference to their ultimate causes in the brain. Can spark new research
directions.
Nervous Systems Correct Answer-Found in all but the simplest animals.
The field of neuroscience is concerned with how
the nervous systems of humans and other animals are organized and
function.
Cerebral Cortex Correct Answer-Part of the brain that beginning in the
early nineteenth century, physicians with a scientific bent had become
particularly interested in its functional properties.
Phrenology Correct Answer-Tried to localize brain areas associated with
complex behaviors and psychological functions. Started because Franz
Joseph Gall thought he could map the cerebral cortex through the bumps
on the overlying skull.
Localization of Function Correct Answer-Idea that different parts of the
brain contribute to different sorts of information
processing.
, Neurons Correct Answer-A type of cell that implied that that cognitive
processes are carried out by large populations of neurons. Specialized
for the conduction and transmission of electrical signals in the nervous
system.
Action Potentials Correct Answer-The electrical signal conducted along
neuronal axons by which information is conveyed
from one place to another in the nervous system.
Neurotransmitters Correct Answer-A chemical agent released at
synapses that mediates signaling between nerve cells.
Synapses Correct Answer-A specialized point of contact between the
axon of a neuron (the presynaptic cell) and a
target (post synaptic) cell. Information is transferred between the
presynaptic and
postsynaptic cells by the release and receipt of biochemical
neurotransmitters.
Cognitive Neuroscience Correct Answer-Defined by work at the
intersection of cognitive science and neuroscience. Seeks to
create models that explain the interrelations between brain function and
cognitive
function.
with correct answers
Cognition Correct Answer-Translates to the faculty of knowing. In
practice it is the set of processes (cognitive
functions) that allow humans and many other animals to perceive
external stimuli, to
extract key information and hold it in memory, and ultimately to
generate thoughts and
actions that help reach desired goals.
Mind Correct Answer-The vehicle that carries out processing of
cognition
Behaviorism Correct Answer-Emphasis on highly controlled
experiments that matched objective external stimuli to
measurable behavior. Examine how changes in stimulus could shape
how individuals
adapt their behavior to the demands of the environment.
Cognitive Science Correct Answer-Unifies research on mental processes
regardless of the specific topic, experimental
approach, method, or even discipline. It focuses on information
processing associated
with cognitive functions, and includes research with human participants,
studies in non-
human animals, and computational simulation of cognitive functions.
,Cognitive Models Correct Answer-Describe the underlying
psychological processes.
Psychological Constructs Correct Answer-Elements of cognitive models
created to help explain diverse phenomena without
reference to their ultimate causes in the brain. Can spark new research
directions.
Nervous Systems Correct Answer-Found in all but the simplest animals.
The field of neuroscience is concerned with how
the nervous systems of humans and other animals are organized and
function.
Cerebral Cortex Correct Answer-Part of the brain that beginning in the
early nineteenth century, physicians with a scientific bent had become
particularly interested in its functional properties.
Phrenology Correct Answer-Tried to localize brain areas associated with
complex behaviors and psychological functions. Started because Franz
Joseph Gall thought he could map the cerebral cortex through the bumps
on the overlying skull.
Localization of Function Correct Answer-Idea that different parts of the
brain contribute to different sorts of information
processing.
, Neurons Correct Answer-A type of cell that implied that that cognitive
processes are carried out by large populations of neurons. Specialized
for the conduction and transmission of electrical signals in the nervous
system.
Action Potentials Correct Answer-The electrical signal conducted along
neuronal axons by which information is conveyed
from one place to another in the nervous system.
Neurotransmitters Correct Answer-A chemical agent released at
synapses that mediates signaling between nerve cells.
Synapses Correct Answer-A specialized point of contact between the
axon of a neuron (the presynaptic cell) and a
target (post synaptic) cell. Information is transferred between the
presynaptic and
postsynaptic cells by the release and receipt of biochemical
neurotransmitters.
Cognitive Neuroscience Correct Answer-Defined by work at the
intersection of cognitive science and neuroscience. Seeks to
create models that explain the interrelations between brain function and
cognitive
function.
