KIN 411 Midterm Exam Questions with Complete Solutions Graded A+

KIN 411 Midterm Exam Questions with
Complete Solutions Graded A+

What is reliability? - CORRECT ANSWER-Consistency (giving same answer over and
over)



T/F: A person can affect reliability. - CORRECT ANSWER-True



What is validity? - CORRECT ANSWER-Accuracy



What is criterion validity? - CORRECT ANSWER-How accurate an instrument or test is
compared to the criterion or gold standard ("Gold standard validity")

-Ex. BIA vs. DEXA



What is internal validity? - CORRECT ANSWER-Accuracy inside the study (accuracy in
specific setting)



What is external validity? - CORRECT ANSWER-Validity outside the study - does the
same thing happen in other settings (labs, populations, real world)



What helps improve external validity? - CORRECT ANSWER-Randomization/random
samples



What helps improve internal validity? - CORRECT ANSWER-Use the gold standard



Can a test be reliable but not valid? - CORRECT ANSWER-Yes - scale can measure
the same weight 3x, but not be the correct weight



Can a test be valid but not reliable? - CORRECT ANSWER-No - if valid, then reliable

,What is calibration? - CORRECT ANSWER-Adjusting an instrument so it's standardized
(how we get valid/reliable readings!)



What is a correction factor? When do we need one? - CORRECT ANSWER-Amount of
deviation in a measurement that is accounted for during calibration; need one whenever
we can't calibrate something (treadmill example)



Conversion factors: Inches to cm - CORRECT ANSWER-1 in = 2.54 cm



Conversion factors: mph to m/min - CORRECT ANSWER-1 mph = 26.8 m/min



Conversion factors: kg to kp - CORRECT ANSWER-1 kg = 1 kp



Conversion factors: kg to lb - CORRECT ANSWER-1 kg = 2.2 lbs



Conversion factors: L O2 to kcal - CORRECT ANSWER-1 L O2 = 5 kcal



Conversion factors: MET to kcal/kg/hr - CORRECT ANSWER-1 MET = 1 kcal/kg/hr



Conversion factors: MET to ml/kg/min - CORRECT ANSWER-1 MET = 3.5 ml/kg/min



Conversion factors: rev to m - CORRECT ANSWER-1 rev = 6 m (on Monark)



What information would you want about your participant prior to exercise testing? -
CORRECT ANSWER--Medical history (surgeries, injuries, diseases)

-ID contraindications to exercise (e.x. angina w/exercise)

-Exercise hx (sedentary, walk, triathlete)

-Physical exam (rHR, rBP, height/weight)



What is blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Indirect estimate of the pressures in
the heart during the cardiac cycle (pressure blood exerts against blood vessels)

, What is the cardiac cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-Contraction (systole) and relaxation
(diastole) of the heart (both atria and ventricles)



Why is BP an indirect measure? - CORRECT ANSWER-B/c only put cuff around arm
and stethescope to listen vs. cutting people open to check



AHA Blood Pressure Classifications: Normal - CORRECT ANSWER-<120, <80



AHA Blood Pressure Classifications: Elevated - CORRECT ANSWER-120-129, <80



AHA Blood Pressure Classifications: Stage 1 HTN - CORRECT ANSWER-130-139, 80-
89



AHA Blood Pressure Classifications: Stage 2 HTN - CORRECT ANSWER->140, >90



AHA Blood Pressure Classifications: Hypertensive Crisis - CORRECT ANSWER->180,
>120



What is the clinical significance of measuring BP? - CORRECT ANSWER-High BP
increases risk of: stroke, vision loss, heart failure/attack, kidney disease/failure, or
sexual dysfunction



BP is a hazard ratio telling the risk of an individual of having what? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Heart disease (higher BP = higher risk)



Equation for Pulse pressure (PP) - CORRECT ANSWER-SBP - DBP = PP (in mmHg)



Equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP) - rest, light, moderate exercise (75 bpm) -
CORRECT ANSWER-MAP = DBP + (PP/3) in mmHg