Rechtspsychologie
Inhoudsopgave
Introductie ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Examen ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
Thema’s .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
Mythes in de rechtspsychologie ....................................................................................................................... 6
Rechtspsychologie .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Rechtspsychologie vs forensische psychologie.............................................................................................. 7
Tijdig onderwerp ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Experimenteel onderzoek.............................................................................................................................. 9
Central park jogger case = when they see us .............................................................................................. 13
De Stefan Kisko zaak .................................................................................................................................... 14
Innnocence project ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Oefening ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
Waarom het geheugen belangrijk is in de rechtszaal ...................................................................................... 16
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 16
Pseudo-herinnering ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Factoren bij onterechte veroordelingen ..................................................................................................... 17
Deze lezing ................................................................................................................................................... 20
De functie van het geheugen ............................................................................................................................ 21
Geheugenstadia ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Geheugen .................................................................................................................................................... 22
Casus H.M. ................................................................................................................................................... 24
Principes van het geheugen......................................................................................................................... 25
Vergeten ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Geheugen .................................................................................................................................................... 27
In praktijk: enkele Nederlandse zaken .............................................................................................................. 28
Da vinci zaak ................................................................................................................................................ 28
Oude Pekela zaak......................................................................................................................................... 29
Pseudoherinneringen........................................................................................................................................ 30
Suggestie-geïnduceerde pseudo-herinneringen (suggestieve druk) ........................................................... 30
Geheugenexperiment ....................................................................................................................................... 33
Artikel .......................................................................................................................................................... 33
Documentaire .............................................................................................................................................. 34
Spontane pseudo-herinneringen (zonder enige vorm van extern suggestief aandringen) ......................... 35
Implantatiemethode......................................................................................................................................... 35
3 factoren .................................................................................................................................................... 36
Spontane pseudo-herinneringen ................................................................................................................. 38
2 theorieën .................................................................................................................................................. 39
Ontwikkeling van pseudoherinneringen ........................................................................................................... 40
Nonbelieved memories ..................................................................................................................................... 42
Valse ontkenningen .......................................................................................................................................... 43
Pseudo- herinneringen zijn gevaarlijk............................................................................................................... 45
1
, Herinneringen in therapie ........................................................................................................................... 46
Geheugenexperts.............................................................................................................................................. 47
Zaak Bucakli (2013) ...................................................................................................................................... 47
Geheugen in het echte leven ....................................................................................................................... 48
Geheugen in de klinische setting (Prof. Houben) ............................................................................................ 49
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 49
Trauma en geheugen ....................................................................................................................................... 50
Hervonden herinneringen ........................................................................................................................... 50
Take home messages ................................................................................................................................... 58
Crime-Related Amnesia and its concequences in the judiciary system (Ivan Mangiulli) ................................. 59
Experiment ....................................................................................................................................................... 59
Why? ............................................................................................................................................................ 59
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 60
Amnesia ............................................................................................................................................................ 60
Organic ........................................................................................................................................................ 60
Dissociative (or psychogenic) ...................................................................................................................... 62
Simulated (or feigned) ................................................................................................................................. 65
Claiming (simulated) Amnesia: Legal Consequences........................................................................................ 67
Memory & deception framework ..................................................................................................................... 68
Take-home massages ....................................................................................................................................... 69
Questions .......................................................................................................................................................... 69
Valse bekentenissen....................................................................................................................................... 70
Introductie ........................................................................................................................................................ 70
Counter-strategies van verdachten .................................................................................................................. 72
Hoe moet je verdachten niet verhoren? ........................................................................................................... 73
Accusatory-style .......................................................................................................................................... 73
Martelingen ................................................................................................................................................. 76
Gevolg van accusatory-stijle en marteling? ................................................................................................. 77
Waar? ............................................................................................................................................................... 78
Bekentenissen in religie ............................................................................................................................... 78
Bekentenissen in therapie ........................................................................................................................... 78
Bekentenissen in rechtbank ........................................................................................................................ 78
Liegen ............................................................................................................................................................... 79
Type verklaringen ............................................................................................................................................. 81
Wanneer/waarom bekennen mensen? ....................................................................................................... 81
Types valse bekentenissen .......................................................................................................................... 82
Persoonlijkhedstrekken en valse bekentenissen ......................................................................................... 85
Suggestibiliteit ............................................................................................................................................. 85
Samenvattend .................................................................................................................................................. 87
Interviewen van verdachten ........................................................................................................................ 88
Informatie-gathering interview protocollen ................................................................................................ 89
Samenvattend .................................................................................................................................................. 91
Hoe herken je een leugens? (Dr. Glynis Boogaard) ......................................................................................... 92
Liegen? ............................................................................................................................................................. 92
2
, Hoe vaak liegen we? .................................................................................................................................... 92
Fundamentele problemen ................................................................................................................................ 93
Gebrek aan theoretische basis .................................................................................................................... 93
Gebrek aan juiste baseline .......................................................................................................................... 93
Uitdagingen in leugen-onderzoek ............................................................................................................... 93
Expertise bias ............................................................................................................................................... 94
Leugendetectie ................................................................................................................................................. 95
Non verbale leugendetectie ........................................................................................................................ 95
Psycho- fysiologische leugendetectie ........................................................................................................ 100
Verbale leugendetectie ............................................................................................................................. 107
Verbale leugendetectie methoden: factoren die van invloed zijn .................................................................. 114
Zonder hulpmiddelen? .................................................................................................................................... 115
1) Observeerbare verschillen ............................................................................................................... 115
2) Waar letten we op? ............................................................................................................................... 118
3) Verschillen oppikken? ........................................................................................................................... 119
Hoe herken je een leugenaar? ................................................................................................................... 119
Take home message ....................................................................................................................................... 120
Amanda Knox (film/documentaire) .............................................................................................................. 121
Ooggetuigenidentificatie: psychology of eyewitness identification (Sergii Yaremenko) ............................... 122
Evidence.......................................................................................................................................................... 122
De Osloconfrontatie / Oslo-confrontatie / line-up of confrontatie ........................................................... 122
What is a line-up? Video ............................................................................................................................ 124
What is the Best Way to Present a Lineup?.................................................................................................... 134
Can we assess a lineup decision? .............................................................................................................. 135
Does the video camera metaphor exist? ................................................................................................... 136
The innocence project: The Case of Ronald Cotton ........................................................................................ 137
2 Videos ..................................................................................................................................................... 137
Experiment ................................................................................................................................................ 138
Het interviewen van kinderen en adolescenten ........................................................................................... 140
NICHD Protocol: de gouden standaard om met kinderen (adolescenten te praten) ...................................... 141
Belangrijke zaken ....................................................................................................................................... 141
Kinderen en trauma ................................................................................................................................... 144
Interviewen van een kind .......................................................................................................................... 146
Protocol .......................................................................................................................................................... 150
Introductie ................................................................................................................................................. 150
Contact opbouwen .................................................................................................................................... 150
Training in episodisch geheugen ............................................................................................................... 150
Recall memory aanwenden ....................................................................................................................... 151
Onthulling .................................................................................................................................................. 151
Einde .......................................................................................................................................................... 151
Vragen over werking van protocol? ............................................................................................................... 151
Effectiviteit?.................................................................................................................................................... 152
Hoe is situatie in Nederland? .......................................................................................................................... 153
Hoe is de situatie in Indonesië? ...................................................................................................................... 153
The NCIHD Protocol training for forensic interviewer: IDN polic investigatore at women and children unit
................................................................................................................................................................... 154
Guest speaker ................................................................................................................................................. 155
3
, Malingering: fake symptoms → who, when, why and how (Irena Boskovic) ................................................ 156
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 156
Fake symptoms ............................................................................................................................................... 157
Who ........................................................................................................................................................... 157
When ......................................................................................................................................................... 157
Why ........................................................................................................................................................... 158
How............................................................................................................................................................ 158
Examples ........................................................................................................................................................ 159
Action-man mark ....................................................................................................................................... 159
Island of Blind ............................................................................................................................................ 159
Grenfell Tower, Londen, 2017 ................................................................................................................... 159
Consequences ................................................................................................................................................. 160
Detection of fake symptoms ........................................................................................................................... 161
3 different methods ................................................................................................................................... 162
Conclusion/ take home message .................................................................................................................... 165
Responsie-college ........................................................................................................................................ 166
Stellingen worden opnieuw gevraagd ............................................................................................................ 166
Vragen over model ‘memory deception framework’ ...................................................................................... 167
Examen ........................................................................................................................................................... 169
Hele belangrijke vraag ............................................................................................................................... 170
4
Inhoudsopgave
Introductie ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Examen ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
Thema’s .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
Mythes in de rechtspsychologie ....................................................................................................................... 6
Rechtspsychologie .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Rechtspsychologie vs forensische psychologie.............................................................................................. 7
Tijdig onderwerp ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Experimenteel onderzoek.............................................................................................................................. 9
Central park jogger case = when they see us .............................................................................................. 13
De Stefan Kisko zaak .................................................................................................................................... 14
Innnocence project ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Oefening ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
Waarom het geheugen belangrijk is in de rechtszaal ...................................................................................... 16
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 16
Pseudo-herinnering ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Factoren bij onterechte veroordelingen ..................................................................................................... 17
Deze lezing ................................................................................................................................................... 20
De functie van het geheugen ............................................................................................................................ 21
Geheugenstadia ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Geheugen .................................................................................................................................................... 22
Casus H.M. ................................................................................................................................................... 24
Principes van het geheugen......................................................................................................................... 25
Vergeten ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Geheugen .................................................................................................................................................... 27
In praktijk: enkele Nederlandse zaken .............................................................................................................. 28
Da vinci zaak ................................................................................................................................................ 28
Oude Pekela zaak......................................................................................................................................... 29
Pseudoherinneringen........................................................................................................................................ 30
Suggestie-geïnduceerde pseudo-herinneringen (suggestieve druk) ........................................................... 30
Geheugenexperiment ....................................................................................................................................... 33
Artikel .......................................................................................................................................................... 33
Documentaire .............................................................................................................................................. 34
Spontane pseudo-herinneringen (zonder enige vorm van extern suggestief aandringen) ......................... 35
Implantatiemethode......................................................................................................................................... 35
3 factoren .................................................................................................................................................... 36
Spontane pseudo-herinneringen ................................................................................................................. 38
2 theorieën .................................................................................................................................................. 39
Ontwikkeling van pseudoherinneringen ........................................................................................................... 40
Nonbelieved memories ..................................................................................................................................... 42
Valse ontkenningen .......................................................................................................................................... 43
Pseudo- herinneringen zijn gevaarlijk............................................................................................................... 45
1
, Herinneringen in therapie ........................................................................................................................... 46
Geheugenexperts.............................................................................................................................................. 47
Zaak Bucakli (2013) ...................................................................................................................................... 47
Geheugen in het echte leven ....................................................................................................................... 48
Geheugen in de klinische setting (Prof. Houben) ............................................................................................ 49
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 49
Trauma en geheugen ....................................................................................................................................... 50
Hervonden herinneringen ........................................................................................................................... 50
Take home messages ................................................................................................................................... 58
Crime-Related Amnesia and its concequences in the judiciary system (Ivan Mangiulli) ................................. 59
Experiment ....................................................................................................................................................... 59
Why? ............................................................................................................................................................ 59
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 60
Amnesia ............................................................................................................................................................ 60
Organic ........................................................................................................................................................ 60
Dissociative (or psychogenic) ...................................................................................................................... 62
Simulated (or feigned) ................................................................................................................................. 65
Claiming (simulated) Amnesia: Legal Consequences........................................................................................ 67
Memory & deception framework ..................................................................................................................... 68
Take-home massages ....................................................................................................................................... 69
Questions .......................................................................................................................................................... 69
Valse bekentenissen....................................................................................................................................... 70
Introductie ........................................................................................................................................................ 70
Counter-strategies van verdachten .................................................................................................................. 72
Hoe moet je verdachten niet verhoren? ........................................................................................................... 73
Accusatory-style .......................................................................................................................................... 73
Martelingen ................................................................................................................................................. 76
Gevolg van accusatory-stijle en marteling? ................................................................................................. 77
Waar? ............................................................................................................................................................... 78
Bekentenissen in religie ............................................................................................................................... 78
Bekentenissen in therapie ........................................................................................................................... 78
Bekentenissen in rechtbank ........................................................................................................................ 78
Liegen ............................................................................................................................................................... 79
Type verklaringen ............................................................................................................................................. 81
Wanneer/waarom bekennen mensen? ....................................................................................................... 81
Types valse bekentenissen .......................................................................................................................... 82
Persoonlijkhedstrekken en valse bekentenissen ......................................................................................... 85
Suggestibiliteit ............................................................................................................................................. 85
Samenvattend .................................................................................................................................................. 87
Interviewen van verdachten ........................................................................................................................ 88
Informatie-gathering interview protocollen ................................................................................................ 89
Samenvattend .................................................................................................................................................. 91
Hoe herken je een leugens? (Dr. Glynis Boogaard) ......................................................................................... 92
Liegen? ............................................................................................................................................................. 92
2
, Hoe vaak liegen we? .................................................................................................................................... 92
Fundamentele problemen ................................................................................................................................ 93
Gebrek aan theoretische basis .................................................................................................................... 93
Gebrek aan juiste baseline .......................................................................................................................... 93
Uitdagingen in leugen-onderzoek ............................................................................................................... 93
Expertise bias ............................................................................................................................................... 94
Leugendetectie ................................................................................................................................................. 95
Non verbale leugendetectie ........................................................................................................................ 95
Psycho- fysiologische leugendetectie ........................................................................................................ 100
Verbale leugendetectie ............................................................................................................................. 107
Verbale leugendetectie methoden: factoren die van invloed zijn .................................................................. 114
Zonder hulpmiddelen? .................................................................................................................................... 115
1) Observeerbare verschillen ............................................................................................................... 115
2) Waar letten we op? ............................................................................................................................... 118
3) Verschillen oppikken? ........................................................................................................................... 119
Hoe herken je een leugenaar? ................................................................................................................... 119
Take home message ....................................................................................................................................... 120
Amanda Knox (film/documentaire) .............................................................................................................. 121
Ooggetuigenidentificatie: psychology of eyewitness identification (Sergii Yaremenko) ............................... 122
Evidence.......................................................................................................................................................... 122
De Osloconfrontatie / Oslo-confrontatie / line-up of confrontatie ........................................................... 122
What is a line-up? Video ............................................................................................................................ 124
What is the Best Way to Present a Lineup?.................................................................................................... 134
Can we assess a lineup decision? .............................................................................................................. 135
Does the video camera metaphor exist? ................................................................................................... 136
The innocence project: The Case of Ronald Cotton ........................................................................................ 137
2 Videos ..................................................................................................................................................... 137
Experiment ................................................................................................................................................ 138
Het interviewen van kinderen en adolescenten ........................................................................................... 140
NICHD Protocol: de gouden standaard om met kinderen (adolescenten te praten) ...................................... 141
Belangrijke zaken ....................................................................................................................................... 141
Kinderen en trauma ................................................................................................................................... 144
Interviewen van een kind .......................................................................................................................... 146
Protocol .......................................................................................................................................................... 150
Introductie ................................................................................................................................................. 150
Contact opbouwen .................................................................................................................................... 150
Training in episodisch geheugen ............................................................................................................... 150
Recall memory aanwenden ....................................................................................................................... 151
Onthulling .................................................................................................................................................. 151
Einde .......................................................................................................................................................... 151
Vragen over werking van protocol? ............................................................................................................... 151
Effectiviteit?.................................................................................................................................................... 152
Hoe is situatie in Nederland? .......................................................................................................................... 153
Hoe is de situatie in Indonesië? ...................................................................................................................... 153
The NCIHD Protocol training for forensic interviewer: IDN polic investigatore at women and children unit
................................................................................................................................................................... 154
Guest speaker ................................................................................................................................................. 155
3
, Malingering: fake symptoms → who, when, why and how (Irena Boskovic) ................................................ 156
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 156
Fake symptoms ............................................................................................................................................... 157
Who ........................................................................................................................................................... 157
When ......................................................................................................................................................... 157
Why ........................................................................................................................................................... 158
How............................................................................................................................................................ 158
Examples ........................................................................................................................................................ 159
Action-man mark ....................................................................................................................................... 159
Island of Blind ............................................................................................................................................ 159
Grenfell Tower, Londen, 2017 ................................................................................................................... 159
Consequences ................................................................................................................................................. 160
Detection of fake symptoms ........................................................................................................................... 161
3 different methods ................................................................................................................................... 162
Conclusion/ take home message .................................................................................................................... 165
Responsie-college ........................................................................................................................................ 166
Stellingen worden opnieuw gevraagd ............................................................................................................ 166
Vragen over model ‘memory deception framework’ ...................................................................................... 167
Examen ........................................................................................................................................................... 169
Hele belangrijke vraag ............................................................................................................................... 170
4
