Exam
Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 14th Edition Katzung Trevor Test Bank
What the body does to the drug - ANSWER-Pharmacokinetics
4 processes of pharmacokinetics - ANSWER-Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Systemic absorption into circulation depends on what 3 things? - ANSWER-Drug solubility, blood flow to
site of absorption, area of absorbing surface available
Relative amount of drug that reaches systemic circulation - ANSWER-Bioavailability
Bioavailability for parenteral route of administration (IV or IM) - ANSWER-1 (or 100%)
Why is bioavailability for enteral administration (oral, rectal) usually much less than parenteral route of
administration? - ANSWER-First-pass metabolism by liver
Why is the concept of absorption not particularly relevant in the field of anesthesia? - ANSWER-Drugs
instantly reach systemic circulation (have 100% bioavailability)
When does first-pass metabolism occur? - ANSWER-Before drug reaches systemic circulation or target
site
First pass metabolism significantly reduces the bioavailability of drugs, especially when ________
administered - ANSWER-Orally
Site of very significant first-pass metabolism for enteral administration - ANSWER-Liver
Which drug technically undergoes first-pass metabolism in the lungs before reaching arterial
circulation/target site? - ANSWER-Fentanyl
Which drug is partially metabolized in the serum before reaching neuromuscular junction? - ANSWER-
Succinylcholine
First-pass metabolism can be caused by what 4 things? - ANSWER-Liver, lungs, plasma esterase,
psuedocholinesterase
, Which tissue group gets the most cardiac output despite being a small percentage of body weight? -
ANSWER-Vessel rich group (brain, heart, liver, kidney, endocrine glands)
Which tissue group get almost no cardiac output? - ANSWER-Vessel-poor group (bone, ligaments,
cartilage)
After an injection, where does a drug initially go due to CO distribution? - ANSWER-Vessel rich group
tissues
Following an injection, which type of drugs will rapidly equilibrium into CNS tissue? - ANSWER-Lipophilic
drugs
Following an injection of a lipophilic drug, fat will gradually absorb more and more of the drug over time.
This is an example of ________ - ANSWER-Redistribution
What is the effect of administering multiple doses of a lipophilic drug on peripheral tissue concentration
(specifically fat)? - ANSWER-Concentration increases (fat will gradually absorb more and more of drug)
Eventually, plasma concentration decreases begin to depend on ________ of the drug, rather than
Redistribution as it did when the drug was initially administered. - ANSWER-Elimination
Most drugs are ________ to plasma proteins, making them unavailable or uptake and excretion -
ANSWER-Bound
Protein that binds most acidic/neutral drugs - ANSWER-Albumin
Protein that binds most basic drugs - ANSWER-Alpha1-acid glycoprotein
Someone with low protein levels would have ________ free drug in serum - ANSWER-More
What drug is not affected by serum protein levels/binding due to being administered in it's own binding
molecules - ANSWER-Propofol
Only account for small portion of total binding sites fora drug in the body - ANSWER-Plasma proteins
The overall effect on the drug's receptor sites may change ________ with changes in plasma protein
concentrations - ANSWER-Only slightly
Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 14th Edition Katzung Trevor Test Bank
What the body does to the drug - ANSWER-Pharmacokinetics
4 processes of pharmacokinetics - ANSWER-Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Systemic absorption into circulation depends on what 3 things? - ANSWER-Drug solubility, blood flow to
site of absorption, area of absorbing surface available
Relative amount of drug that reaches systemic circulation - ANSWER-Bioavailability
Bioavailability for parenteral route of administration (IV or IM) - ANSWER-1 (or 100%)
Why is bioavailability for enteral administration (oral, rectal) usually much less than parenteral route of
administration? - ANSWER-First-pass metabolism by liver
Why is the concept of absorption not particularly relevant in the field of anesthesia? - ANSWER-Drugs
instantly reach systemic circulation (have 100% bioavailability)
When does first-pass metabolism occur? - ANSWER-Before drug reaches systemic circulation or target
site
First pass metabolism significantly reduces the bioavailability of drugs, especially when ________
administered - ANSWER-Orally
Site of very significant first-pass metabolism for enteral administration - ANSWER-Liver
Which drug technically undergoes first-pass metabolism in the lungs before reaching arterial
circulation/target site? - ANSWER-Fentanyl
Which drug is partially metabolized in the serum before reaching neuromuscular junction? - ANSWER-
Succinylcholine
First-pass metabolism can be caused by what 4 things? - ANSWER-Liver, lungs, plasma esterase,
psuedocholinesterase
, Which tissue group gets the most cardiac output despite being a small percentage of body weight? -
ANSWER-Vessel rich group (brain, heart, liver, kidney, endocrine glands)
Which tissue group get almost no cardiac output? - ANSWER-Vessel-poor group (bone, ligaments,
cartilage)
After an injection, where does a drug initially go due to CO distribution? - ANSWER-Vessel rich group
tissues
Following an injection, which type of drugs will rapidly equilibrium into CNS tissue? - ANSWER-Lipophilic
drugs
Following an injection of a lipophilic drug, fat will gradually absorb more and more of the drug over time.
This is an example of ________ - ANSWER-Redistribution
What is the effect of administering multiple doses of a lipophilic drug on peripheral tissue concentration
(specifically fat)? - ANSWER-Concentration increases (fat will gradually absorb more and more of drug)
Eventually, plasma concentration decreases begin to depend on ________ of the drug, rather than
Redistribution as it did when the drug was initially administered. - ANSWER-Elimination
Most drugs are ________ to plasma proteins, making them unavailable or uptake and excretion -
ANSWER-Bound
Protein that binds most acidic/neutral drugs - ANSWER-Albumin
Protein that binds most basic drugs - ANSWER-Alpha1-acid glycoprotein
Someone with low protein levels would have ________ free drug in serum - ANSWER-More
What drug is not affected by serum protein levels/binding due to being administered in it's own binding
molecules - ANSWER-Propofol
Only account for small portion of total binding sites fora drug in the body - ANSWER-Plasma proteins
The overall effect on the drug's receptor sites may change ________ with changes in plasma protein
concentrations - ANSWER-Only slightly
