Blood Bank Study Guide 1
History, Rules, and Regulations of Blood Bank
● Older people = increased morbidities = increased need for blood transfusion
= increased demand for blood products = need more donors or blood
alternatives
○ Increased need → discovery of multiple ABO, Rh, and other RBC
antigens
Blood Donation Process
● ~ 5 L of blood
● Every donation → 500 mL of whole blood
a. pRBCs
■ Uses:
1. Maintaining BP for trauma
2. Anemia
3. Adequate tissue perfusion
4. Replacing hematological pathology (cancer, etc.)
5. Decreasing H&H from hematology
6. 11.4 million units transfused annually
b. Platelets
c. Plasma (then into Cryo)
● Whole blood donation → safe with minimum adverse side effects
○ Aseptic technique
i. Skin disinfectant with iodine (or chlorhexidine gluconate if
allergic to iodine)
ii. 10-16 gauge (larger than phlebotomy)
○ Adverse effects
i. Most happen immediately after procedure
● Sit and rest for 10-15 minutes
ii. Hematoma → most common
● Record keeping → usually for around 10 years
RBC Survival
, ● RBCs live for 120 days in vivo
● Survival depends on enzymes and membrane function
a. Membrane:
i. Phospholipids
ii. Cholesterol
b. Pathways:
i. Glycolytic pathway → ATP created via anaerobic respiration
ii. Methemoglobin Reductase pathway → keeps iron in Fe2+
iii. Luebering Rapaport pathway → 2-3 DPG enzyme maintains
production of 2, 3, DPG
iv. Hexose Monophosphate Shunt/Phosphogluconate pathway →
G6PD enzyme protects RBCs oxidative damage
RBC Preservation Techniques
● Blood is a biologic drug in the eyes of the FDA
a. Requires an average 24-hour post-transfusion RBC survival of >75%
● Refrigerated at 1-6 C
a. Storage legion → in-vitro storage of RBCs can cause deterioration of
the product’s quality over time
i. Preservatives:
1. ACD → 21 days
2. CPD → 21 days
3. CP2D → 21 days
4. CPDA → 35 days
5. AS → 42 days
ii. Decreased:
1. Viable RBC %
2. Glucose
3. ATP
4. pH
5. 2-3 DPG
iii. Increased:
1. Lactic acid
2. Potassium
3. Free HgB
4. Oxygen dissociation curve
History, Rules, and Regulations of Blood Bank
● Older people = increased morbidities = increased need for blood transfusion
= increased demand for blood products = need more donors or blood
alternatives
○ Increased need → discovery of multiple ABO, Rh, and other RBC
antigens
Blood Donation Process
● ~ 5 L of blood
● Every donation → 500 mL of whole blood
a. pRBCs
■ Uses:
1. Maintaining BP for trauma
2. Anemia
3. Adequate tissue perfusion
4. Replacing hematological pathology (cancer, etc.)
5. Decreasing H&H from hematology
6. 11.4 million units transfused annually
b. Platelets
c. Plasma (then into Cryo)
● Whole blood donation → safe with minimum adverse side effects
○ Aseptic technique
i. Skin disinfectant with iodine (or chlorhexidine gluconate if
allergic to iodine)
ii. 10-16 gauge (larger than phlebotomy)
○ Adverse effects
i. Most happen immediately after procedure
● Sit and rest for 10-15 minutes
ii. Hematoma → most common
● Record keeping → usually for around 10 years
RBC Survival
, ● RBCs live for 120 days in vivo
● Survival depends on enzymes and membrane function
a. Membrane:
i. Phospholipids
ii. Cholesterol
b. Pathways:
i. Glycolytic pathway → ATP created via anaerobic respiration
ii. Methemoglobin Reductase pathway → keeps iron in Fe2+
iii. Luebering Rapaport pathway → 2-3 DPG enzyme maintains
production of 2, 3, DPG
iv. Hexose Monophosphate Shunt/Phosphogluconate pathway →
G6PD enzyme protects RBCs oxidative damage
RBC Preservation Techniques
● Blood is a biologic drug in the eyes of the FDA
a. Requires an average 24-hour post-transfusion RBC survival of >75%
● Refrigerated at 1-6 C
a. Storage legion → in-vitro storage of RBCs can cause deterioration of
the product’s quality over time
i. Preservatives:
1. ACD → 21 days
2. CPD → 21 days
3. CP2D → 21 days
4. CPDA → 35 days
5. AS → 42 days
ii. Decreased:
1. Viable RBC %
2. Glucose
3. ATP
4. pH
5. 2-3 DPG
iii. Increased:
1. Lactic acid
2. Potassium
3. Free HgB
4. Oxygen dissociation curve
