OSAT Elementary Subtest 1 |100% Correct Answers|

OSAT Elementary Subtest 1 |100% Correct Answers| Affix *Ans*a prefix or suffix Allegory *Ans*A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. Alphabetic principle *Ans*The understanding that words are composed of letters and that there is a relationship between printed letters and spoken sounds. Author's purpose *Ans*Entertain, persuade, inform, describe, narrate. Authors may have more than one purpose when writing. Author's tone *Ans*Author's attitude as reflected in the text Ballad *Ans*A narrative poem (that tells a story) and has song-like qualities or is meant to be sung. Base word *Ans*The word to which affixes are attached (aka root word) Behavioral learning *Ans*People learn socially or through some sort of stimulation or repetition (learning is external) Biography *Ans*A written account of another person's life. Book club *Ans*Organized literature instruction within three literacy units, each of which could last from 3 to 8 weeks. promotes reader response, incorporating reading, writing responses to text, discussion groups, and community share. Character *Ans*A fictional personality created by an author Characteristics of good readers: *Ans*-Think about the information they will read in the text, formulate questions they predict will be answered in the text, and confirm those predictions from the information in the text. -When faced with unfamiliar words, they attempt to pronounce them using analogies to familiar words. -Before reading, good readers establish a purpose for reading, select possible text structure, choose a reading strategy, and make predictions about what will be in the reading. -Continually test and confirm their predictions as they read, go back when something does not make sense, and make new predictions Children's literature *Ans*Written and/or drawn texts that whether they are intended for published for, or read by children, are considered children's text. Most common forms: Traditional literature, folktales/fairy tales, fables, myths, legends, tall tales, modern fantasy, science fiction, modern realistic fiction, historical fiction, biography, and informational books. Cognitive approach to language development *Ans*Children acquire knowledge of linguistic structures after they have acquired the cognitive structures necessary to process language. Cognitive learning *Ans*Learning takes place in the mind and the mind processes ideas through brain mapping and connections with other material and experiences (learning is internal) Common irregular sight words *Ans*Words that are irregular enough not to be considered sight words that can be easily memorized and cannot be easily decoded because they have irregular spellings (ex. design and thought) Contextual redefinition *Ans*An activity in which the teacher selects a few words to teach; challenge students to come up with a definition; then use a context rich sentence with one of the unknown words then have students come up with the meaning of the unknown word; students must justify their meaning by referencing the context clues in the sentence. Description *Ans*Piece of writing whose purpose is to make an experience available through one of the five senses. Developmental stages of spelling: *Ans*1) Pre-phonemic: know that letters stand for a message, but do not know the relationship between spelling and pronounciation. 2) Early phonemic: beginning to understand spelling. Usually write the beginning letter correctly, with the rest consonants or long vowels. 3) Letter-name: some words are spelled consistently. Student is developing a sight vocabulary and stable understanding of letters as representing sounds. Long vowels used correctly, silent vowels are omitted. Unknown words are spelled attempting to match letter with sound. 4) Transitional: late elementary school. Short vowels are mastered and some spelling rules known. 5) Derivational: high school to adulthood. Spelling rules are mastered. Drama *Ans*Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play. Encoding *Ans*Putting a message into a written, verbal, or symbolic form that can be recognized and understood by the receiver. Epic *Ans*A long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society. Epistle *Ans*A letter or literary composition in letter form; not always intended for publication, but due to the fame of the sender become public domain. Essay *Ans*A brief examination of a subject in prose, usually expressing a personal or limited view of the topic. Exposition *Ans*Piece of writing whose only purpose is to inform. Fable *Ans*A brief story that leads to a moral, often using animals as characters. Figurative language *Ans*Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.