CHEM 210 MODULE 1 PROBLEM – WITH 100 % CORRECT ANSWERS

CHEM 210 MODULE 1 PROBLEM – WITH 100 % CORRECT ANSWERS 1. are three ways that biochemists study biological organisms? Biochemists study 1) the relationship between structure and function of biomolecules, 2) chemical reactions of organisms (metabolism), and 3) communication within and among organisms. 2. What is the definition of biochemistry? Often referred to as the chemistry of life, biochemistry asks how the remarkable properties of organisms relate to their molecules. 3. What is another name for firefly? lightning bug 4. Is Li an element common in biological organisms? No 5. What is known as the “medium of life”? Water 6. What is the bond angle associated with trigonal pyramidal shape? 107.5 degrees 7. Are transition metals commonly found in biological organisms? Yes 8. True or false: Water can make up 85% (by mass) of a living organism. True. Some plants are made up of 90% water by mass. 9. True or false: Large elements tend to make the strongest covalent bonds. False. Smaller elements tend to make the strongest bonds due to significant overlap. 10. Name three bulk elements. Name three trace elements. Bulk elements (three of these): H, C, N, O, Na, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca Trace elements: Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, I, and W. 11. Differentiate between inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-based compounds. Inorganic chemistry is the study of all other elements. 12. Is H2O an organic molecule? How about CO2? C100H202? Water is not organic; it does not contain carbon. Both CO2 and C100H202 are organic compounds. 13. The next row of Table 1 would be the 6-carbon alkane, hexane. Write out its chemical formula and condensed formula. chemical formula: C6H14 Condensed formula: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 14. On your own paper, draw the Kekule structures and line-bond formulas for both butane and hexane. When you have drawn the structures, enter a note in the answer box indicating you have done so (e.g., “I completed these drawings.” Or “I drew the structures for butane and hexane.”) 15. How are the aldehyde and ketone functional groups similar? Different? Aldehdyes and ketones both have a carbon double bond oxygen arrangement (C=O) in their structure. They differ in that the other two bonds that the carbon forms are different. A ketone has both bonds connected to other carbons. An aldehyde has one bond to hydrogen and the second bond to either another hydrogen or carbon. 16. What functional groups are found in glycine? Carboxylic acid and amine 17. Retinal is found in the retina and helps with the absorption of light. What are two functional groups found in Retinal? alkene and aldehyde 18. A cell wall is a combination of carbohydrates and proteins. What level of organization would this indicate and why? Supramolecular complex. A cell wall is a combination of two types of macromolecules to form a larger complex (through non-covalent interactions). 19. What is the monomer of proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA? The protein monomer is an amino acid, a monosaccharide is the monomer for carbohydrates, and a nucleotide is the monomer for DNA. 20. How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different? (State your answer in two or more complete sentences.) While they are both cells types, prokaryotes have a simple structure with no organelles present. Eukaryotes have a true nucleus and organelle structures. As a result, the eukaryotes are also considerably larger than prokaryotes. 21. How are Bacteria and Archaea different? (State your answer in two or more complete sentences.) Bacteria and Achaea are both simple cells with no organelle structure, and they lack a true nucleus. Archaea live in extreme conditions, such as hot springs and in the artic; they are thought to be more closely related to prokaryotes. 22. What is the function of mitochondria, lysosomes, and vacuoles? The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell responsible for producing ATP. It also contains metabolic processes that yield ATP in the end. Lysosomes degrade macromolecules–protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acids–into smaller pieces. These organelles have an acidic pH. Vacuoles have digestive enzymes to degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, plus vacuoles function largely as storage centers. 23. What energy molecule is produced in the mitochondria? Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)