NSG5003
Advanced Pathophysiology
COMPLETE MIDTERM GUIDE
© SU 2024/2025
,1. Question : Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiological mechanism of edema formation?
- A) Increased oncotic pressure
- B) Decreased hydrostatic pressure
- C) Increased capillary permeability
- D) Decreased interstitial fluid pressure
Correct Answer : C) Increased capillary permeability
Rationale : Increased capillary permeability allows proteins and
fluids to leak into the interstitial space, leading to edema.
2. Question : In the context of heart failure, which compensatory
mechanism often leads to worsening conditions over time?
- A) Increased preload
- B) Increased heart rate
- C) Neurohormonal activation
- D) Decreased systemic vascular resistance
Correct Answer : C) Neurohormonal activation
Rationale : Increased neurohormonal activity (e.g., RAAS)
initially compensates for heart failure but eventually causes fluid
retention and further heart strain.
© SU 2024/2025
, 3. Question : Which of the following is a common
pathophysiological change observed in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A) Decreased airway resistance
- B) Increased mucus production
- C) Decreased alveolar ventilation
- D) All of the above
Correct Answer : B) Increased mucus production
Rationale : Increased mucus production is a characteristic
change in COPD that contributes to airway obstruction and
difficulty in breathing.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. Question : In type 1 diabetes, the primary pathophysiological
change is the autoimmune destruction of ____________ cells in
the pancreas.
Correct Answer : beta
Rationale : Beta cells produce insulin, and their destruction
results in insufficient insulin secretion.
© SU 2024/2025
Advanced Pathophysiology
COMPLETE MIDTERM GUIDE
© SU 2024/2025
,1. Question : Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiological mechanism of edema formation?
- A) Increased oncotic pressure
- B) Decreased hydrostatic pressure
- C) Increased capillary permeability
- D) Decreased interstitial fluid pressure
Correct Answer : C) Increased capillary permeability
Rationale : Increased capillary permeability allows proteins and
fluids to leak into the interstitial space, leading to edema.
2. Question : In the context of heart failure, which compensatory
mechanism often leads to worsening conditions over time?
- A) Increased preload
- B) Increased heart rate
- C) Neurohormonal activation
- D) Decreased systemic vascular resistance
Correct Answer : C) Neurohormonal activation
Rationale : Increased neurohormonal activity (e.g., RAAS)
initially compensates for heart failure but eventually causes fluid
retention and further heart strain.
© SU 2024/2025
, 3. Question : Which of the following is a common
pathophysiological change observed in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A) Decreased airway resistance
- B) Increased mucus production
- C) Decreased alveolar ventilation
- D) All of the above
Correct Answer : B) Increased mucus production
Rationale : Increased mucus production is a characteristic
change in COPD that contributes to airway obstruction and
difficulty in breathing.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. Question : In type 1 diabetes, the primary pathophysiological
change is the autoimmune destruction of ____________ cells in
the pancreas.
Correct Answer : beta
Rationale : Beta cells produce insulin, and their destruction
results in insufficient insulin secretion.
© SU 2024/2025
