PSY 252 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE
Cognition - ANSWER mental activity that includes the perception, acquisition,
storage, transformation, and use of information
Cognitive Psychology - ANSWER theoretical approach to psychology that focuses
on studying individuals' thought processes and knowledge
Cognitive Science - ANSWER interdisciplinary field that examines questions of
the mind, focuses on internal representations of the external world
Why learn about cognition? - ANSWER Occupies a major portion of human
psychology and, a widespread influence on other areas, in psychology and beyond,
cog psych proves an owner manual for your mind
Cognitive Processes- Active vs. Passive - ANSWER behaviorists-humans stimulus
response, wait for stimulus. Cognitive approach, we seek out information. Brain
isn't a sponge. Brain is synthesizing and transforming information.
Cognitive Processes- Efficiency & Accuracy - ANSWER Memory ability is not
perfect but remarkable. Language development.
Cognitive Processes- interrelated - ANSWER making decisions requires
perception, memory, general knowledge, language
Cognitive Processes- Bottom up and top down processing - ANSWER Botton up:
emphasizes stimulus characteristics, perceive elements by starting with smaller
more fine details, build upward, not influenced by other items.
Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWER introspection
William James - ANSWER principles of psychology, observations of his own
mind, tip of the tongue phenomenon
Ebbinghaus - ANSWER memory
Mary Whiton Calkins - ANSWER recency effect
Behaviorism- Watson - ANSWER
,Behaviorism- Skinner - ANSWER
Behaviorism- operational definition - ANSWER specifically how something is
measured/ defined
The Gestalt Approach - ANSWER gestalt psychology, insight
Factors Contributing to the Rise of Cognitive Psychology - ANSWER
-disappointment with behaviorist approach
-linguistics; Noam Chomsky
-Human Memory research
-Childrens thought processes; Jean Piaget
The Information-Processing Approach - ANSWER -mental processes are similar to
the operations of a computer
-info progresses through the cognitive system in a series of stages, one step at a
time
Atkinson-Shiffrin model - ANSWER -sensory memory
-short term memory (working mem)
-long term memory (
The current Status of Cognitive Psychology - ANSWER -more complex models
-widespread influence on the discipline of psychology
-applications of the cognitive approach in therapy
-issues of ecological validity (conditions of study similar to real world; results have
real world meaning)
, Artificial Intelligence - ANSWER -computer metaphor
-pure AI
-Computer Simulation
-Connectionist Approach
The computer metaphor - ANSWER Structures and processes
Pure artificial intelligence - ANSWER efficiency
Computer Simulation - ANSWER computer modeling, take human limitations into
account
The connectionist approach- Parallel distributed processing (PDP) approach -
ANSWER -PDP: Parallel processing, distributed
The connectionist approach- Serial approach - ANSWER -Serial approach:
complete one task before moving on
Attention - ANSWER
Divided Attention - ANSWER -paying attention to more than one stimuli
-respond appropriately to each message
-speed and accuracy suffer
Cognition - ANSWER mental activity that includes the perception, acquisition,
storage, transformation, and use of information
Cognitive Psychology - ANSWER theoretical approach to psychology that focuses
on studying individuals' thought processes and knowledge
Cognitive Science - ANSWER interdisciplinary field that examines questions of
the mind, focuses on internal representations of the external world
Why learn about cognition? - ANSWER Occupies a major portion of human
psychology and, a widespread influence on other areas, in psychology and beyond,
cog psych proves an owner manual for your mind
Cognitive Processes- Active vs. Passive - ANSWER behaviorists-humans stimulus
response, wait for stimulus. Cognitive approach, we seek out information. Brain
isn't a sponge. Brain is synthesizing and transforming information.
Cognitive Processes- Efficiency & Accuracy - ANSWER Memory ability is not
perfect but remarkable. Language development.
Cognitive Processes- interrelated - ANSWER making decisions requires
perception, memory, general knowledge, language
Cognitive Processes- Bottom up and top down processing - ANSWER Botton up:
emphasizes stimulus characteristics, perceive elements by starting with smaller
more fine details, build upward, not influenced by other items.
Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWER introspection
William James - ANSWER principles of psychology, observations of his own
mind, tip of the tongue phenomenon
Ebbinghaus - ANSWER memory
Mary Whiton Calkins - ANSWER recency effect
Behaviorism- Watson - ANSWER
,Behaviorism- Skinner - ANSWER
Behaviorism- operational definition - ANSWER specifically how something is
measured/ defined
The Gestalt Approach - ANSWER gestalt psychology, insight
Factors Contributing to the Rise of Cognitive Psychology - ANSWER
-disappointment with behaviorist approach
-linguistics; Noam Chomsky
-Human Memory research
-Childrens thought processes; Jean Piaget
The Information-Processing Approach - ANSWER -mental processes are similar to
the operations of a computer
-info progresses through the cognitive system in a series of stages, one step at a
time
Atkinson-Shiffrin model - ANSWER -sensory memory
-short term memory (working mem)
-long term memory (
The current Status of Cognitive Psychology - ANSWER -more complex models
-widespread influence on the discipline of psychology
-applications of the cognitive approach in therapy
-issues of ecological validity (conditions of study similar to real world; results have
real world meaning)
, Artificial Intelligence - ANSWER -computer metaphor
-pure AI
-Computer Simulation
-Connectionist Approach
The computer metaphor - ANSWER Structures and processes
Pure artificial intelligence - ANSWER efficiency
Computer Simulation - ANSWER computer modeling, take human limitations into
account
The connectionist approach- Parallel distributed processing (PDP) approach -
ANSWER -PDP: Parallel processing, distributed
The connectionist approach- Serial approach - ANSWER -Serial approach:
complete one task before moving on
Attention - ANSWER
Divided Attention - ANSWER -paying attention to more than one stimuli
-respond appropriately to each message
-speed and accuracy suffer
