NUR2474 Pharmacology Quiz 1-Questions with Correct
Answers/Verified/ Latest Update 2024/2025
Characteristics of ideal medication
Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity
reversible
predictable
easy to administer
free from interactions
low cost
chemical stability
simple generic name
What properties of medications need to be considered when prescribed?
Pharmacokinetics. Drugs in the same class (or different formulations of the same drug) may have
different bioavailability, dose-concentration curves and half-lives. ...
Pharmacodynamics. ...
Therapeutic efficacy and safety. ...
Cost-effectiveness.
Patient specific variabilities affecting response to medications
Variation in the response to equivalent drug concentrations arises because of various factors, such
as differences in receptor number and structure, receptor-coupling mechanisms and physiological
changes in target organs resulting from differences in genetics, age and health.
Pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
Pharmacokinetics
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacotherapeutics
study of the use of drugs in treating disease
Half-life of a drug
is the time required for one-half of an administered drug to be lost through metabolism and
elimination; different for each drug
, Routes of medication administration
oral, mucosal, topical, parenteral
Oral Medications negatives
(1) the layer of epithelial cells that lines the GI tract, and (2) the capillary wall. Because the walls of
the capillaries that serve the GI tract offer no significant resistance to absorption, the major barrier
to absorption is the GI epithelium. To cross this layer of tightly packed cells, drugs must pass through
cells rather than between them. For some drugs, intestinal absorption may be reduced by PGP, a
transporter that can pump certain drugs out of epithelial cells back into the intestinal lumen.
Absorption Pattern
Because of multiple factors, the rate and extent of drug absorption after oral administration can be
highly variable. Factors that can influence absorption include (1) the solubility and stability of the
drug, (2) gastric and intestinal pH, (3) gastric emptying time, (4) food in the gut, (5) the
coadministration of other drugs, and (6) special coatings on the drug preparation.
benefits of oral route
•Easy to use
•Easy for self administration
•Wide variety of medications
Cost
Reversability
IM medications dangers
possible discomfort
inconvient
possible local tissue or nerve damage
possible bleeding
IM medication benefits
Rapid and uniform absorption of the drug, especially the aqueous solutions.
Rapid onset of the action compared to that of the oral and the subcutaneous routes.
IM injection bypasses the first-pass metabolism of the drug.
It also avoids the gastric factors governing drug absorption.
subcutaneous medication dangers
possible discomfort
inconvient
possible local tissue or nerve damage
Answers/Verified/ Latest Update 2024/2025
Characteristics of ideal medication
Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity
reversible
predictable
easy to administer
free from interactions
low cost
chemical stability
simple generic name
What properties of medications need to be considered when prescribed?
Pharmacokinetics. Drugs in the same class (or different formulations of the same drug) may have
different bioavailability, dose-concentration curves and half-lives. ...
Pharmacodynamics. ...
Therapeutic efficacy and safety. ...
Cost-effectiveness.
Patient specific variabilities affecting response to medications
Variation in the response to equivalent drug concentrations arises because of various factors, such
as differences in receptor number and structure, receptor-coupling mechanisms and physiological
changes in target organs resulting from differences in genetics, age and health.
Pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
Pharmacokinetics
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacotherapeutics
study of the use of drugs in treating disease
Half-life of a drug
is the time required for one-half of an administered drug to be lost through metabolism and
elimination; different for each drug
, Routes of medication administration
oral, mucosal, topical, parenteral
Oral Medications negatives
(1) the layer of epithelial cells that lines the GI tract, and (2) the capillary wall. Because the walls of
the capillaries that serve the GI tract offer no significant resistance to absorption, the major barrier
to absorption is the GI epithelium. To cross this layer of tightly packed cells, drugs must pass through
cells rather than between them. For some drugs, intestinal absorption may be reduced by PGP, a
transporter that can pump certain drugs out of epithelial cells back into the intestinal lumen.
Absorption Pattern
Because of multiple factors, the rate and extent of drug absorption after oral administration can be
highly variable. Factors that can influence absorption include (1) the solubility and stability of the
drug, (2) gastric and intestinal pH, (3) gastric emptying time, (4) food in the gut, (5) the
coadministration of other drugs, and (6) special coatings on the drug preparation.
benefits of oral route
•Easy to use
•Easy for self administration
•Wide variety of medications
Cost
Reversability
IM medications dangers
possible discomfort
inconvient
possible local tissue or nerve damage
possible bleeding
IM medication benefits
Rapid and uniform absorption of the drug, especially the aqueous solutions.
Rapid onset of the action compared to that of the oral and the subcutaneous routes.
IM injection bypasses the first-pass metabolism of the drug.
It also avoids the gastric factors governing drug absorption.
subcutaneous medication dangers
possible discomfort
inconvient
possible local tissue or nerve damage
