Psychology 217 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Updated 2024

What are the forces that make us more apt to help? - 1. Someone is a part of our group. 2. Costs are low to help. 3. We are the only one who can provide assistance. The Cunningham Relatedness Study - This survey questioned people on their willingness to help certain demographics. The Cunningham Relatedness Study Results - 70% of people were willing to help their parents, siblings, or kids; 60% of people were willing to help their grandparents; 40% of people were willing to help their cousins; 15% of people were willing to help a stranger. The Darley and Batson Minister Study - This study was conducted in a seminary. Students arrived to the study and were told that they needed to go to a building across the seminary and deliver a speech. Some students were told they were late and should hurry to the building. Some students were told that the study itself was behind and that there was no rush. On the way to the building, students passed by a man slumped in a doorway, coughing and groaning. Results of the Darley and Batson Minister Study - 60% of those in no hurry helped while only 10% of those in a rush helped. The Latane and Darley Seizure Study - The participant in this study arrives to the lab and is told that he will be working on a study in which they discuss (over an intercom) college life. The other "participants" are confederates. One confederate begins to show signs of having a seizure ("I could really use some help... um help... um I'm having a seizure"). Results of the Latane and Darley Seizure Study - When the participants and seizure victim were the only two people in the study, 85% of the participants gave help in 60 seconds or less. When there were four others besides the participant and the seizure victim, only 30% of participants gave help in 60 seconds or less. The Bystander Effect - People are less likely to help when others are around Pluralistic Ignorance - This occurs when people misperceive the norms/beliefs in a group and act on said misconceptions. Diffusion of Responsibility - This occurs when others aren't present; we may think that we aren't the best one (or do not need to be the one) to help. The Depaulo Interaction Record Study - A group of college and community members kept track of their 10+ minute interactions for a week. They recorded the nature of the interaction and any lies they told during the interaction. Results of the Depaulo Interaction Record Study - 30% of the interactions contained lies 68% of the lies were outright lies The lies were mostly about feelings, plans, and past behavior Lies were less likely in close relationships More serious lies occur in close relationships Common Serious Lie Subjects - -Infidelity - Money/job related - Serious misdeeds - Others The Bond and Depaulo 2006 Meta-Analysis - A total of 4,500 individuals' attempts to dupe 25,000 others in 200 studies were analyzed. Results of the Bond and Depaulo 200g Meta-Analysis - 54% accuracy at detecting lies (pretty much just chance 61% of true statements were viewed as true 47% of false statements were viewed as false We are biased towards believing others Polygraph - A machine that measures the physiological stress response; is total bullshit at detecting lies but is useful at measuring stress. Social Cooperative Rationality - "Because most people are cooperative, it is smart to be cooperative and increase joint rewards"