LAT Laboratory Animal Technician
1. U.S. Government provides approximately how much in research/development funds spent by college
and university?
a) 1/2
b) 1/3
c) 2/3
d) 3/4
Answer: c) 2/3
2. What information is important on grant applications to request funds?
a) Detailed description of research goals, scientific basis of study, and review of relevant literature and
all procedures to be performed
b) Description of research goals only
c) Scientific basis of study only
d) Review of relevant literature only
Answer: a) Detailed description of research goals, scientific basis of study, and review of relevant
literature and all procedures to be performed
3. What is the difference between NIH & NSF?
a) NIH: primary granting agency for academia, federal agencies, biomedical research; NSF: Basic
research in math, medicine, and biology
b) NIH: Basic research in math, medicine, and biology; NSF: primary granting agency for academia,
federal agencies, biomedical research
c) NIH: primary granting agency for basic research; NSF: primary granting agency for applied research
d) NIH: primary granting agency for applied research; NSF: primary granting agency for basic research
Answer: a) NIH: primary granting agency for academia, federal agencies, biomedical research; NSF: Basic
research in math, medicine, and biology
,4. The USDA stands for what?
a) United States Department of Health
b) United States Department of Agriculture
c) United States Department of Science
d) United States Department of Education
Answer: b) United States Department of Agriculture
5. The USDA is responsible for what?
a) Enforces and amends AWA; Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with
animals; Animals exempt from AWA; Research institutions must register with; Supply annual reports;
Inspection records through the FOIA; Unscheduled inspection once per year
b) Enforces and amends AWA; Animals exempt from AWA; Research institutions must register with;
Supply annual reports; Inspection records through the FOIA; Unscheduled inspection once per year
c) Enforces and amends AWA; Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with
animals; Research institutions must register with; Supply annual reports
d) Enforces and amends AWA; Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with
animals; Animals exempt from AWA
Answer: a) Enforces and amends AWA; Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research
with animals; Animals exempt from AWA; Research institutions must register with; Supply annual
reports; Inspection records through the FOIA; Unscheduled inspection once per yearIACUC must review
all protocols using animals and must approve all protocols before any animal research can begin
What does the IACUC determine? ✔️Can deny permission ro start a project
can stop a research peoject
Ensures compliance with regulations
Reviews complete protocols at least every 3 years; reviews updates to protocols yearly
What is the AAALAC, International? ✔️Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory
Animal Care, International
,Non-profit organization that provides a mechanism for peer review of animal care and use programs by
scientific community
Detailed application with information on facilities, procedures, programs, and research animals to use
Annual report must be submitted to AAALAC on status of animal care program
Site inspection and program evaluation every 3 years
Why is it important to keep accurate, up-to-date records? ✔️Determine if procedures are followed
according to established standards
Determine whether environmental controls are properly maintained
Improve facility efficiency and effectivness
What is PHS Policy? ✔️All assurance records related directly to grant applications, research proposals,
and changes of research activities > 3yrs after completion
Centralized ✔️Serves all the institution's animal care needs; 1 director for entire institution; All
personnel associated with the animal facility; All other purchases, per diem, depreciation, inventories,
operational costs, and supplies
Decentralized ✔️Each department has own animal facility and operating budget; each department has
own animals, supplies, equipment and animal care staffing
Direct costs ✔️Salaries, fringe benefits, equipment, supplies, and operational exprenses (depend on #
animals being housed)
Indirect Costs ✔️physical plant, energy costs, depreciation, heating rooms
Cost Centers ✔️Cage washing, laboratory services
Why is cost accounting important? ✔️Individulal costs used for projecting future cost; comparisons
reveal areas in which costs can be reduced; per diem components (expense to maintain 1 animal for 1
day)
, Calculating per diem charges ✔️Internal direct costs are incurred for the husbandry of animals and for
other services provided by the animal facility for the benefits of special projects
If total costs of maintaining a colony of cats is $27,375 over a 1 year period and the average daily census
is 25 cats, what is the per diem charge needed to recover these costs? ✔️Divide $27,375 by 365 and
multiply the result by 25 = 3.00
What are somethings to keep in mind when considering injection techniques? ✔️Injections with
needles and syringes used to administer various substances; syringe construction and sizes;
considerations for blood withdrawal; proper disposal, common routes of injection
Intramuscular Injection (IM) ✔️Generally given in hind legs (most desirable site is large muscle mass);
alternative site are the muscles posterior to femur; do not inject too much material
Intraperitoneal Injection (IP) ✔️Given in lower right quadrant of abdomen (avoid bladder and cecum);
Slight resistance may be encountered; Aspirate prior to injection (Yellow= bladder; greenish = intestine
or cecum; Blood = blood vessel)
Intradermal Injection (ID) ✔️Given into thick dermal skin layer; 25 guage needle typically used; Needle
directed at 20 - 30 degree andle into skin; only small quantity of fluid can be injected (0.1-0.2 ml)
Subcutaneous Injection ✔️Placed in the more vascular space between skin and underlying muscle;
large area subcutaneous tissue exposed by raising a tent of skin; entering the injection site then 0
resistance; precautions - hand puncture, inject out other side
Intravenous Injection (IV) ✔️IV access sites in common lab animals; site preparation (disinfect); Use
pressure to disten the vessel; Insert needle at 30 degree angle to skin; removing the needle - apply
pressure
Blood collection techniques are used as... ✔️aid to diagnose disease: Collection site and amount
determined by species and test type
1. U.S. Government provides approximately how much in research/development funds spent by college
and university?
a) 1/2
b) 1/3
c) 2/3
d) 3/4
Answer: c) 2/3
2. What information is important on grant applications to request funds?
a) Detailed description of research goals, scientific basis of study, and review of relevant literature and
all procedures to be performed
b) Description of research goals only
c) Scientific basis of study only
d) Review of relevant literature only
Answer: a) Detailed description of research goals, scientific basis of study, and review of relevant
literature and all procedures to be performed
3. What is the difference between NIH & NSF?
a) NIH: primary granting agency for academia, federal agencies, biomedical research; NSF: Basic
research in math, medicine, and biology
b) NIH: Basic research in math, medicine, and biology; NSF: primary granting agency for academia,
federal agencies, biomedical research
c) NIH: primary granting agency for basic research; NSF: primary granting agency for applied research
d) NIH: primary granting agency for applied research; NSF: primary granting agency for basic research
Answer: a) NIH: primary granting agency for academia, federal agencies, biomedical research; NSF: Basic
research in math, medicine, and biology
,4. The USDA stands for what?
a) United States Department of Health
b) United States Department of Agriculture
c) United States Department of Science
d) United States Department of Education
Answer: b) United States Department of Agriculture
5. The USDA is responsible for what?
a) Enforces and amends AWA; Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with
animals; Animals exempt from AWA; Research institutions must register with; Supply annual reports;
Inspection records through the FOIA; Unscheduled inspection once per year
b) Enforces and amends AWA; Animals exempt from AWA; Research institutions must register with;
Supply annual reports; Inspection records through the FOIA; Unscheduled inspection once per year
c) Enforces and amends AWA; Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with
animals; Research institutions must register with; Supply annual reports
d) Enforces and amends AWA; Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with
animals; Animals exempt from AWA
Answer: a) Enforces and amends AWA; Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research
with animals; Animals exempt from AWA; Research institutions must register with; Supply annual
reports; Inspection records through the FOIA; Unscheduled inspection once per yearIACUC must review
all protocols using animals and must approve all protocols before any animal research can begin
What does the IACUC determine? ✔️Can deny permission ro start a project
can stop a research peoject
Ensures compliance with regulations
Reviews complete protocols at least every 3 years; reviews updates to protocols yearly
What is the AAALAC, International? ✔️Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory
Animal Care, International
,Non-profit organization that provides a mechanism for peer review of animal care and use programs by
scientific community
Detailed application with information on facilities, procedures, programs, and research animals to use
Annual report must be submitted to AAALAC on status of animal care program
Site inspection and program evaluation every 3 years
Why is it important to keep accurate, up-to-date records? ✔️Determine if procedures are followed
according to established standards
Determine whether environmental controls are properly maintained
Improve facility efficiency and effectivness
What is PHS Policy? ✔️All assurance records related directly to grant applications, research proposals,
and changes of research activities > 3yrs after completion
Centralized ✔️Serves all the institution's animal care needs; 1 director for entire institution; All
personnel associated with the animal facility; All other purchases, per diem, depreciation, inventories,
operational costs, and supplies
Decentralized ✔️Each department has own animal facility and operating budget; each department has
own animals, supplies, equipment and animal care staffing
Direct costs ✔️Salaries, fringe benefits, equipment, supplies, and operational exprenses (depend on #
animals being housed)
Indirect Costs ✔️physical plant, energy costs, depreciation, heating rooms
Cost Centers ✔️Cage washing, laboratory services
Why is cost accounting important? ✔️Individulal costs used for projecting future cost; comparisons
reveal areas in which costs can be reduced; per diem components (expense to maintain 1 animal for 1
day)
, Calculating per diem charges ✔️Internal direct costs are incurred for the husbandry of animals and for
other services provided by the animal facility for the benefits of special projects
If total costs of maintaining a colony of cats is $27,375 over a 1 year period and the average daily census
is 25 cats, what is the per diem charge needed to recover these costs? ✔️Divide $27,375 by 365 and
multiply the result by 25 = 3.00
What are somethings to keep in mind when considering injection techniques? ✔️Injections with
needles and syringes used to administer various substances; syringe construction and sizes;
considerations for blood withdrawal; proper disposal, common routes of injection
Intramuscular Injection (IM) ✔️Generally given in hind legs (most desirable site is large muscle mass);
alternative site are the muscles posterior to femur; do not inject too much material
Intraperitoneal Injection (IP) ✔️Given in lower right quadrant of abdomen (avoid bladder and cecum);
Slight resistance may be encountered; Aspirate prior to injection (Yellow= bladder; greenish = intestine
or cecum; Blood = blood vessel)
Intradermal Injection (ID) ✔️Given into thick dermal skin layer; 25 guage needle typically used; Needle
directed at 20 - 30 degree andle into skin; only small quantity of fluid can be injected (0.1-0.2 ml)
Subcutaneous Injection ✔️Placed in the more vascular space between skin and underlying muscle;
large area subcutaneous tissue exposed by raising a tent of skin; entering the injection site then 0
resistance; precautions - hand puncture, inject out other side
Intravenous Injection (IV) ✔️IV access sites in common lab animals; site preparation (disinfect); Use
pressure to disten the vessel; Insert needle at 30 degree angle to skin; removing the needle - apply
pressure
Blood collection techniques are used as... ✔️aid to diagnose disease: Collection site and amount
determined by species and test type
