HTHS 1111 Midterm Exam Study Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions Graded A 2024

Step 1: The Chemical Synapse An action potential arrives at the end bulb. Step 2: The Chemical Synapse Ca++ enters the presynaptic terminal. Step 3: The Chemical Synapse Ca++ interacts with the synaptic vesicle and fuses with the presynaptic membrane. Step 4: The Chemical Synapse Neurotransmitter is released and binds to the postsynaptic transmitter receptor. Step 5: The Chemical Synapse Receptor protein undergoes a change in shape that allows ions to flow. Step 6: The Chemical Synapse Ions flow resulting in a post-synaptic potential. Ion flow that results in a more negative cell. Inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP) Ion flow that results in a more positive cell. Excitatory post-synaptic potential What type of channel allows a chemical (neurotransmitter) outside of the neuron, to bind to a special site on the channel? Ligand-gated channel What type of channel allows the voltage across the membrane to change, changing the distribution of charges surrounding the channel? Voltage-gated channel The typical function of this neurotransmitter is to increase blood pressure. Norepinephrine The typical function of this neurotransmitter is to trigger the “fight-or-flight” response. Epinephrine The typical function of this neurotransmitter is smoothing movement. Dopamine This neurotransmitter’s typical function is regulate mood. Serotonin What spinal column is located in the neck and how many of them are there? Cervical, 7 What spinal column is located in the chest area and how many are there? Thoracic, 12 What spinal column is located in the loin area and how many are there? Lumbar, 5 What spinal column is located in the “holy” region and how many are there? Sacral, 5 White matter in the spinal cord contains what kind of information? Ascending: sensory Descending: motor What region of gray matter processes sensory information? Posterior horn What area of gray matter does motor control come from? Anterior (ventral) horn What is the outer most meninges called? Dura mater