HDF 318G Midterm
What is public policy? - ✅✅-the course of action the government takes in response
to an issue or problem
Good policymakers base their decisions on...? -✅✅-- scientific data available
what should also be considered for good policymaking? - ✅✅-- the consideration
of social and environmental factors (the people involved and the impact on others)
Agenda Setting - ✅✅ -step in the policy making process where one identifies the
pertinent issue (crisis or ongoing)
social determinants of health - ✅✅ -both economic and social conditions that
influence individual and group differences in health status
Main issues of healthcare is the complexity. For example.... - ✅✅ -1. lots of
providers (hard to decipher good from bad)
2. knowledge gap (consumers know little about healthcare compared to
doctors/nurse. we accept treatment without knowing if it was necessary or even the
best choice)
3. payment scheme (we pay for service indirectly)
4. judging quality (hard for average consumer to know the quality of the provider,
usually based on bedside manners)
Where do we fare worse in the US health gap against other countries? - ✅✅-fare
worse in infant mortality and life expectancy
Why do we have these gaps? - ✅✅-we do not have universal healthcare, there is
inequality within.
US healthcare spending - ✅✅-- WE SPEND A LOT
- 18% GDP 3.5 Trillion
what is a financial market? - ✅✅-the place to buy and sell securities (ie. stocks)
banking systems - ✅✅-- central banks: federal reserve, responsible for monetary
policy
- commercial bank: open accounts here
monetary policy - ✅✅-adjust the supply of money by selling government bonds and
set interest rates
, Why the stock market is not the same as the economy - ✅✅ -- Stock market does
not represent all companies in the US (small businesses make up 50% of all jobs)
- 10 percent of American households control 84 percent of all stocks and bonds
- stock market driven by emotional and reaction-based decision-making
why is an economic crisis worse than the financial crisis? - ✅✅-because it is more
widespread
financial crisis -✅✅-- a large disruption in financial markets (they stop functioning)
intervention for financial crisis - ✅✅-central banks intervention: monetary policy
such as change in interest rates
if becomes an economic crisis... - ✅✅-GOV MUST GET INVOLVED
what is a theory? - ✅✅-something that explains why x connects/explains y (cause
and effect)
Why are theories important? - ✅✅-in order to understand why things happen and
solutions to problems
Health Belief Model (HBM) - ✅✅ -- usage of preventative services
- core constructs:
perceived susceptibility and perceived severity
cues to action
Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) - ✅✅ -decisions on behavior are based on
attitudes and norms and the motivations to comply to norms
ie. for buying an iphone
- i think it's a good idea (attitude)
- everybody else thinks it is a good idea (subjective norms)
- I think I can handle this new phone (motivation to comply)
TTM Cycle - ✅✅ -Pre-contemplation: recognize need (I won't)
Contemplation: thinking about change (I may)
Preparation: help plan for change (I will)
Action: change habits/create new habits (I am)
Maintenance: make it ongoing (I still am)
social cognitive theory - ✅✅ -- observational learning
- self-monitoring (observing self)
Social Ecological Model - ✅✅ -- creating an environment conducive to change is
important to making it easier to adopt healthier behaviors
What is public policy? - ✅✅-the course of action the government takes in response
to an issue or problem
Good policymakers base their decisions on...? -✅✅-- scientific data available
what should also be considered for good policymaking? - ✅✅-- the consideration
of social and environmental factors (the people involved and the impact on others)
Agenda Setting - ✅✅ -step in the policy making process where one identifies the
pertinent issue (crisis or ongoing)
social determinants of health - ✅✅ -both economic and social conditions that
influence individual and group differences in health status
Main issues of healthcare is the complexity. For example.... - ✅✅ -1. lots of
providers (hard to decipher good from bad)
2. knowledge gap (consumers know little about healthcare compared to
doctors/nurse. we accept treatment without knowing if it was necessary or even the
best choice)
3. payment scheme (we pay for service indirectly)
4. judging quality (hard for average consumer to know the quality of the provider,
usually based on bedside manners)
Where do we fare worse in the US health gap against other countries? - ✅✅-fare
worse in infant mortality and life expectancy
Why do we have these gaps? - ✅✅-we do not have universal healthcare, there is
inequality within.
US healthcare spending - ✅✅-- WE SPEND A LOT
- 18% GDP 3.5 Trillion
what is a financial market? - ✅✅-the place to buy and sell securities (ie. stocks)
banking systems - ✅✅-- central banks: federal reserve, responsible for monetary
policy
- commercial bank: open accounts here
monetary policy - ✅✅-adjust the supply of money by selling government bonds and
set interest rates
, Why the stock market is not the same as the economy - ✅✅ -- Stock market does
not represent all companies in the US (small businesses make up 50% of all jobs)
- 10 percent of American households control 84 percent of all stocks and bonds
- stock market driven by emotional and reaction-based decision-making
why is an economic crisis worse than the financial crisis? - ✅✅-because it is more
widespread
financial crisis -✅✅-- a large disruption in financial markets (they stop functioning)
intervention for financial crisis - ✅✅-central banks intervention: monetary policy
such as change in interest rates
if becomes an economic crisis... - ✅✅-GOV MUST GET INVOLVED
what is a theory? - ✅✅-something that explains why x connects/explains y (cause
and effect)
Why are theories important? - ✅✅-in order to understand why things happen and
solutions to problems
Health Belief Model (HBM) - ✅✅ -- usage of preventative services
- core constructs:
perceived susceptibility and perceived severity
cues to action
Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) - ✅✅ -decisions on behavior are based on
attitudes and norms and the motivations to comply to norms
ie. for buying an iphone
- i think it's a good idea (attitude)
- everybody else thinks it is a good idea (subjective norms)
- I think I can handle this new phone (motivation to comply)
TTM Cycle - ✅✅ -Pre-contemplation: recognize need (I won't)
Contemplation: thinking about change (I may)
Preparation: help plan for change (I will)
Action: change habits/create new habits (I am)
Maintenance: make it ongoing (I still am)
social cognitive theory - ✅✅ -- observational learning
- self-monitoring (observing self)
Social Ecological Model - ✅✅ -- creating an environment conducive to change is
important to making it easier to adopt healthier behaviors
