introductory 20
quantumnumbers
gqnsoescrioedji.is
n principle
avantum
e angular orbitaltype
le
m omentum
me masneticquantum orbitalo rientation e
ms magneticspin onelectron
spin s
Angularmomentum value
eno.in
I
magneticquantumvalue
iiiLin
mess erose in n 2 3
he im.omi
am
orbital
type
g p e d e e
n 888 1 809 FETTO sit
Iffy NODE
p p
oxy a oxen on a o iii
HUND'SRULE
themoststablearrangementofelectrons in a subshell isonewiththemostparallelspins eg aelectronscanfilla porbitalline
f
PAULING'SRULE
14p p
No2 electrons inthesameorbitalcan occupythesamea avantumnumbers mostp arallelspins imoststable
AUFBAU'SRULE
thelowestenergylevelsarefilledfirst
paramagnetic
vs diamagnetic
unpaired
electron paired
e lectrons
Electronconfiguration noble
gasconfiguration
Iiis isapr3stspoas3rd simplytheatom'spreviousnoblegas valenceelectrons
eg1191st1st2ps3stapras egKia ArAs
valenceelectrons
ftp.pp
Note areadded lost from
electrons
thensorbitalbeforetheinsndorbital
exceptions
, Zeff Slater'srules
thenetcharge experienced
byanelectroninthe outermost
shell
2 constant
shielding o
pf.IS
cospes increasingshieldingeffect
slaters rules
electronconfigurationwrittenlike
1stCsupo3523030101caseapol
e insamegroup o 0,35
e inonegroupbelowin1 o 0,85
e in at groupsbelow n2 o 1,00
for def
samegroup 0,35
foralllowergroups 1,00
Predicttheeffectivenuclear
chargefor rules
slater's
mgusing
Mgr 15112 20611352
810,8512111
412 51,11935
periodicproperties
hereAtomic radiiIonization
ionic energyElectron
affinityElectronegativity
I Left 2 AtomicIonicradii 3 IonizationEnergy 4 Electronegativity
affinity
Electron
H he Fations H He
age
ions H IE Ie He
Be BNO
eh 0
Across the atomic
number Across zeroathuseare
pulled addingeto filled
p orbital
Pt closertonucleus Natomic IE.isthe of
amt energyrequired EN.isthetendencyofan
insareatern uclear
attraction mere radius atomtoattractabondedpair
ent.ithIaiiiiiiigiiiimina'doing
DOWN
the shellsin noun awanomore are of e towardsitself
ioutermosteare moreby
shielded
to
presentdue Matomic moreto 1m01atoms DH 40 fhasthehighestin 4,0
morecoree number Across Zero thusmore to
e nergyreavired
Thuslessnuclear
attraction here thuse arefurther
from isstronglyattracted
removeane which
nucleus radius
Matomic tothenucleus
cationslose
e ismallerthan Down left thusearefarfromnucleus
theiratomic formLesspositive
cation notstronglyattractedtonucleus
Anionsgain
e largerthan thusenergyrequiredtoremovethese
theiratomic formmorenegativeanions e isless NIE
InEiaoiaianowaaaois Exceptions
Gais smaller thanae IEais greaterthan Ie because
inhasisdioap inossaas moreenergyisrequiredtoremovean
orbitals
overlap tohasafully
filledd except.intmpfe
YfIi'ftpno
mgingoore lowerineneray
orbital more
so
stable
t
ffh.si fffii radius
atom smaller
contracts
ftp.fihnggjyiiiffet Ysusaapi 6f'pitcher's
,Lewisstructures
c noFonestheoctetrule iefullyfilledoctetwhenbondedto something
metallic
fanster atonaro
e odelocalised
sea f e
no t
mail.ci no one
Bondorder
shared
e between 2atoms
β forresonance structures
IIn annoying
Electronegativity
the ofanatomtoattractabondedpairof etowardsitselfina molecule
tendency
non
p olar polar
covalent ionic
in 0,0
ionpolar
Pauling'sENRule
AB
it
eg TFhasbondenergy566ktnot
HHhasbondenergy436ktmol
ff hasbondenergy 158115not
calculate ENof
µ
XAXB 0,102Δ
Δ AB VAABB
566 158436
, USEPRtheory
shelle lectronpairrepulsion
valence
parentalstructure molecular
structure electrongeometry
e grains bondinge
botnbondingslonepai.r
poublebonoscountasitowardsedomain
Exn Inepair lone lone Tone
pair nepair pairs pairs
8
Exa
triis
Exs
Ex
I g
pyramidAngular Bent
oa
YYYramio
n.fi Eiseesaw
I
Exs hear
shape
sarge Yamical
Exo
I safare.tt
anar fshape linear
quantumnumbers
gqnsoescrioedji.is
n principle
avantum
e angular orbitaltype
le
m omentum
me masneticquantum orbitalo rientation e
ms magneticspin onelectron
spin s
Angularmomentum value
eno.in
I
magneticquantumvalue
iiiLin
mess erose in n 2 3
he im.omi
am
orbital
type
g p e d e e
n 888 1 809 FETTO sit
Iffy NODE
p p
oxy a oxen on a o iii
HUND'SRULE
themoststablearrangementofelectrons in a subshell isonewiththemostparallelspins eg aelectronscanfilla porbitalline
f
PAULING'SRULE
14p p
No2 electrons inthesameorbitalcan occupythesamea avantumnumbers mostp arallelspins imoststable
AUFBAU'SRULE
thelowestenergylevelsarefilledfirst
paramagnetic
vs diamagnetic
unpaired
electron paired
e lectrons
Electronconfiguration noble
gasconfiguration
Iiis isapr3stspoas3rd simplytheatom'spreviousnoblegas valenceelectrons
eg1191st1st2ps3stapras egKia ArAs
valenceelectrons
ftp.pp
Note areadded lost from
electrons
thensorbitalbeforetheinsndorbital
exceptions
, Zeff Slater'srules
thenetcharge experienced
byanelectroninthe outermost
shell
2 constant
shielding o
pf.IS
cospes increasingshieldingeffect
slaters rules
electronconfigurationwrittenlike
1stCsupo3523030101caseapol
e insamegroup o 0,35
e inonegroupbelowin1 o 0,85
e in at groupsbelow n2 o 1,00
for def
samegroup 0,35
foralllowergroups 1,00
Predicttheeffectivenuclear
chargefor rules
slater's
mgusing
Mgr 15112 20611352
810,8512111
412 51,11935
periodicproperties
hereAtomic radiiIonization
ionic energyElectron
affinityElectronegativity
I Left 2 AtomicIonicradii 3 IonizationEnergy 4 Electronegativity
affinity
Electron
H he Fations H He
age
ions H IE Ie He
Be BNO
eh 0
Across the atomic
number Across zeroathuseare
pulled addingeto filled
p orbital
Pt closertonucleus Natomic IE.isthe of
amt energyrequired EN.isthetendencyofan
insareatern uclear
attraction mere radius atomtoattractabondedpair
ent.ithIaiiiiiiigiiiimina'doing
DOWN
the shellsin noun awanomore are of e towardsitself
ioutermosteare moreby
shielded
to
presentdue Matomic moreto 1m01atoms DH 40 fhasthehighestin 4,0
morecoree number Across Zero thusmore to
e nergyreavired
Thuslessnuclear
attraction here thuse arefurther
from isstronglyattracted
removeane which
nucleus radius
Matomic tothenucleus
cationslose
e ismallerthan Down left thusearefarfromnucleus
theiratomic formLesspositive
cation notstronglyattractedtonucleus
Anionsgain
e largerthan thusenergyrequiredtoremovethese
theiratomic formmorenegativeanions e isless NIE
InEiaoiaianowaaaois Exceptions
Gais smaller thanae IEais greaterthan Ie because
inhasisdioap inossaas moreenergyisrequiredtoremovean
orbitals
overlap tohasafully
filledd except.intmpfe
YfIi'ftpno
mgingoore lowerineneray
orbital more
so
stable
t
ffh.si fffii radius
atom smaller
contracts
ftp.fihnggjyiiiffet Ysusaapi 6f'pitcher's
,Lewisstructures
c noFonestheoctetrule iefullyfilledoctetwhenbondedto something
metallic
fanster atonaro
e odelocalised
sea f e
no t
mail.ci no one
Bondorder
shared
e between 2atoms
β forresonance structures
IIn annoying
Electronegativity
the ofanatomtoattractabondedpairof etowardsitselfina molecule
tendency
non
p olar polar
covalent ionic
in 0,0
ionpolar
Pauling'sENRule
AB
it
eg TFhasbondenergy566ktnot
HHhasbondenergy436ktmol
ff hasbondenergy 158115not
calculate ENof
µ
XAXB 0,102Δ
Δ AB VAABB
566 158436
, USEPRtheory
shelle lectronpairrepulsion
valence
parentalstructure molecular
structure electrongeometry
e grains bondinge
botnbondingslonepai.r
poublebonoscountasitowardsedomain
Exn Inepair lone lone Tone
pair nepair pairs pairs
8
Exa
triis
Exs
Ex
I g
pyramidAngular Bent
oa
YYYramio
n.fi Eiseesaw
I
Exs hear
shape
sarge Yamical
Exo
I safare.tt
anar fshape linear
