Pharmacology ATI Review Questions with correct answers
Nursing Implications by Oral Route of Administration Correct Answer - -avoid grapefruit juice
-in general, administer on an empty stomach (1 hr before meals, 2 hr after meals)
-use liquid form to facilitate swallowing whenever possible
Nursing Implications by Drop Instillation Route of Administration Correct Answer
- -side-lying
-place client supine with head positioned to allow medication to enter appropriate nasal passage
-instruct client to breathe through mouth, stay in supine position, and blowing nose
for 5 min after drop insertion
-dropped into center of conjunctival sac
-close eye to improve distribution of medication
needle sizes: subcutaneous Correct Answer - 3/8 to 5/8, 25 to 27 gauge
(abdomen, upper hips/love handles, lateral upper arms)
needle sizes: Intramuscular Correct Answer - 22 to 25 gauge, 1 to 1.5 inches
((ventrogluteal, deltoid, vastus lateralis (pediatrics))
needle sizes: Intravenous Correct Answer - surgical: 18 gauge
trauma: 16 gauge
actions to verify trough level Correct Answer - blod specimen obtained immediately prior to the next dose of medication 6 patient rights Correct Answer - patient, medication, dose, time, route, documentation
(product, price, time, place for right person)
preventing med errors: assessment Correct Answer - ensure knowledge of medication. use appropriate resources: drug handbooks, physicians desk reference, professional journals
preventing med erros: implementation Correct Answer - avoid distractions during medication preparation (poor lighting, noise, interruptions)
Safe IV Administration Correct Answer - -potassium chloride can cause serious adverse reactions; should be delivered with an electronic infusion pump for dose control
-scissors or electric shaver for hair removal
maintaining patency of IV access Correct Answer - - do not stop continuous infusion or or allow blood to back up into the catheter, clots can form
-flush intermittent IV catheters with appropriate solution after every med admin or every 8 to 12 hours
infiltration Correct Answer - stop infusion and remove catheter
extravasation (infiltration of vesicant/tissue-damaging medication) Correct Answer
- stop infusion and notify provider
hematoma Correct Answer - ecchymosis at site -apply pressure after IV catheter removal
phebitis/thrombophebitis Correct Answer - edema, throbbing, burning, pain at the site
- assess for palpable, hard mass above insertion site is a clinical manifestation of thrombophlebitis
FDA risk to fetus medication categories:
(A is best, X is worst) Correct Answer - Category A: There is no evidence of risk to fetus during pregnancy based on adequate and well-controlled studies.
Category B: There is no evidence of risk to animal fetuses based on studies, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Category C: Adverse effects have been demonstrated on animal fetuses. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women, but use of the medication during pregnancy may be warranted based on the potential benefits.
D: adverse effects demonstrated on data from investigational or marketing experience
X: adverse effects demonstrated on animal and human fetuses
Glucocorticoids Correct Answer - background
- produced in adrenal cortex
-cortisol produce to regulate glucose in responce to stress
Exemplar
Prednisone
AE: increase dose causes Cushing's syndrome
Cushing's syndrome: fluid retention, HTN, weight gain, fat redistribution and truncal obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, susceptibility to infection, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, menstrual irregularities, thin fragile skin, hirsutism
Nursing Implications by Oral Route of Administration Correct Answer - -avoid grapefruit juice
-in general, administer on an empty stomach (1 hr before meals, 2 hr after meals)
-use liquid form to facilitate swallowing whenever possible
Nursing Implications by Drop Instillation Route of Administration Correct Answer
- -side-lying
-place client supine with head positioned to allow medication to enter appropriate nasal passage
-instruct client to breathe through mouth, stay in supine position, and blowing nose
for 5 min after drop insertion
-dropped into center of conjunctival sac
-close eye to improve distribution of medication
needle sizes: subcutaneous Correct Answer - 3/8 to 5/8, 25 to 27 gauge
(abdomen, upper hips/love handles, lateral upper arms)
needle sizes: Intramuscular Correct Answer - 22 to 25 gauge, 1 to 1.5 inches
((ventrogluteal, deltoid, vastus lateralis (pediatrics))
needle sizes: Intravenous Correct Answer - surgical: 18 gauge
trauma: 16 gauge
actions to verify trough level Correct Answer - blod specimen obtained immediately prior to the next dose of medication 6 patient rights Correct Answer - patient, medication, dose, time, route, documentation
(product, price, time, place for right person)
preventing med errors: assessment Correct Answer - ensure knowledge of medication. use appropriate resources: drug handbooks, physicians desk reference, professional journals
preventing med erros: implementation Correct Answer - avoid distractions during medication preparation (poor lighting, noise, interruptions)
Safe IV Administration Correct Answer - -potassium chloride can cause serious adverse reactions; should be delivered with an electronic infusion pump for dose control
-scissors or electric shaver for hair removal
maintaining patency of IV access Correct Answer - - do not stop continuous infusion or or allow blood to back up into the catheter, clots can form
-flush intermittent IV catheters with appropriate solution after every med admin or every 8 to 12 hours
infiltration Correct Answer - stop infusion and remove catheter
extravasation (infiltration of vesicant/tissue-damaging medication) Correct Answer
- stop infusion and notify provider
hematoma Correct Answer - ecchymosis at site -apply pressure after IV catheter removal
phebitis/thrombophebitis Correct Answer - edema, throbbing, burning, pain at the site
- assess for palpable, hard mass above insertion site is a clinical manifestation of thrombophlebitis
FDA risk to fetus medication categories:
(A is best, X is worst) Correct Answer - Category A: There is no evidence of risk to fetus during pregnancy based on adequate and well-controlled studies.
Category B: There is no evidence of risk to animal fetuses based on studies, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Category C: Adverse effects have been demonstrated on animal fetuses. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women, but use of the medication during pregnancy may be warranted based on the potential benefits.
D: adverse effects demonstrated on data from investigational or marketing experience
X: adverse effects demonstrated on animal and human fetuses
Glucocorticoids Correct Answer - background
- produced in adrenal cortex
-cortisol produce to regulate glucose in responce to stress
Exemplar
Prednisone
AE: increase dose causes Cushing's syndrome
Cushing's syndrome: fluid retention, HTN, weight gain, fat redistribution and truncal obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, susceptibility to infection, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, menstrual irregularities, thin fragile skin, hirsutism
