Essential Cell Biology Chapter 6 Key
Terms Exam Questions and Answers
Cancer - ANSWER-Disease caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell proliferation,
followed by invasion and colonization of body sites normally reserved for other cells
DNA Ligase - ANSWER-Enzyme that reseals nicks that occur in the backbone of a DNA
molecule (in the lab, can be used to join together two DNA fragments)
DNA Polymerase - ANSWER-Makes DNA
DNA Repair - ANSWER-Collective term used for the enzymatic processes that correct
deleterious changes affecting the continuity or sequence of a DNA molecule
DNA Replication - ANSWER-The process by which a copy of a DNA molecule is made
Homolog - ANSWER-A gene, chromosome, or any structure that has a close similarity
to another as a result of common ancestry
Homologous Recombination - ANSWER-Mechanism by which double-strand breaks in
a DNA molecule can be repaired flawlessly; uses an undamaged, duplicated, or
homologous chromosome to guide the repair (during meiosis, the mechanism results in
an exchange of genetic information between the maternal and paternal homologs)
Lagging Strand - ANSWER-At a replication fork, the DNA strand that is made
discontinuously in short separate fragments that are later joined together to form one
continuous new strand
Leading Strand - ANSWER-At a replication fork, the DNA strand that is made by
continuous synthesis in the 5' to 3' direction
Mismatch Pair - ANSWER-Mechanism for recognizing and correcting incorrectly paired
nucleotides (those that are noncomplementary)
Mutation - ANSWER-A randomly produced, permanent change in the nucleotide
sequence of DNA
Nonhomologous End Joining - ANSWER-A "quick and dirty" mechanism for repairing
double-strand breaks in DNA that involves quickly bringing together, trimming, and
rejoining the two broken ends (results in a loss of information at the site of repair)
Okazaki Fragment - ANSWER-Short length of DNA produced on the lagging strand
during DNA replication. Adjacent fragments are rapidly joined together by DNA ligase to
form a continuous DNA strand
Terms Exam Questions and Answers
Cancer - ANSWER-Disease caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell proliferation,
followed by invasion and colonization of body sites normally reserved for other cells
DNA Ligase - ANSWER-Enzyme that reseals nicks that occur in the backbone of a DNA
molecule (in the lab, can be used to join together two DNA fragments)
DNA Polymerase - ANSWER-Makes DNA
DNA Repair - ANSWER-Collective term used for the enzymatic processes that correct
deleterious changes affecting the continuity or sequence of a DNA molecule
DNA Replication - ANSWER-The process by which a copy of a DNA molecule is made
Homolog - ANSWER-A gene, chromosome, or any structure that has a close similarity
to another as a result of common ancestry
Homologous Recombination - ANSWER-Mechanism by which double-strand breaks in
a DNA molecule can be repaired flawlessly; uses an undamaged, duplicated, or
homologous chromosome to guide the repair (during meiosis, the mechanism results in
an exchange of genetic information between the maternal and paternal homologs)
Lagging Strand - ANSWER-At a replication fork, the DNA strand that is made
discontinuously in short separate fragments that are later joined together to form one
continuous new strand
Leading Strand - ANSWER-At a replication fork, the DNA strand that is made by
continuous synthesis in the 5' to 3' direction
Mismatch Pair - ANSWER-Mechanism for recognizing and correcting incorrectly paired
nucleotides (those that are noncomplementary)
Mutation - ANSWER-A randomly produced, permanent change in the nucleotide
sequence of DNA
Nonhomologous End Joining - ANSWER-A "quick and dirty" mechanism for repairing
double-strand breaks in DNA that involves quickly bringing together, trimming, and
rejoining the two broken ends (results in a loss of information at the site of repair)
Okazaki Fragment - ANSWER-Short length of DNA produced on the lagging strand
during DNA replication. Adjacent fragments are rapidly joined together by DNA ligase to
form a continuous DNA strand
