PSYCHOLOGY CLEP PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS, GRADED A+| latest update 2024/25|

PSYCHOLOGY CLEP PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS, GRADED A+ Which of the following is the philosophical approach to studying human behavior that emphasizes the purpose or usefulness of behavior? A. Structuralism B. Behaviorism C. Functionalism D. Psychoanalysis E. Humanism - -(C) Functionalists focus on the value that behaviors and other psychological characteristics have for an organism's adaptation to its environment. Structuralists focus on what those behaviors and characteristics are, and on finding the basic components that make them up. Which of the following approaches is used by a psychologist who studies depression by examining levels of a certain neurotransmitter in the brains of depressed and non-depressed people? A. psychoanalytic B. behavioral C. humanistic D. cognitive E. biological - -(E) The biological perspective emphasizes the roles of hormones, neurotransmitters, and other biological and physiological agents in determining behavior. Psychoanalysts emphasize unconscious wishes and fears; behaviorists emphasize learning; humanists emphasize authenticity of one's self; and cognitivists emphasize thought processes Which of the following approaches is used by a psychologist who emphasizes the power of rewards and punishments to influence behavior? A. behavioral B. cognitive C. humanistic D. psychoanalytic E. biological - -(A) Using rewards (or reinforcers) and punishment to change behavior is called "operant conditioning." Operant conditioning is a form of learning, which is central to the behavioral approach to psychology. A researcher wants to know whether failure at a task causes aggression. As part of her study, some subjects are told they have failed at a task, whereas others are told they have succeeded. Failing or not at the task would be A. a placebo. B. the independent variable. C. a within-subjects manipulatio