Pathophysiology Final Exam questions and answers all are graded A+

What is allergic asthma associated with? - Answer-Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated What are the S&S of ARDS? - Answer-SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax? - Answer-Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung What is cystic fibrosis? - Answer-Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive) Changes with an asthma attack: - Answer-Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing) How do you interpret ABG's? - Answer-1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high) 2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis) 3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis) 4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH) 5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal) Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - Answer-Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis) Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - Answer-Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis) Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - Answer-Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - Answer-Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis) What are signs of renal cancer? - Answer-No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) How do you manage end stage renal disease? - Answer-Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic) What do you call kidney pain? - Answer-Nephralgia What is the most helpful test to determine renal function? - Answer-Creatinine What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis? - Answer-E. coli What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure? - Answer-Hypovolemia - Give Fluids What causes acute intrarenal failure? - Answer-Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia What do we see associated with SIADH? - Answer-Fluid Retention (edema), Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium (diluted) What causes myxedema coma? - Answer-Hypothyroidism What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes? - Answer-Impaired Glucose Transport What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes? - Answer-Type I - Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia) Type II - Insulin resistance on the cellsWhat would we see with hypoparathyroidism? - Answer-Decrease of Calcium (softer bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign, Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes? - Answer-Give Insulin