Bio 198 Exam 5 KSU Questions With 100% Correct Answers

Bio 198 Exam 5 KSU Questions With 100% Correct Answers What is the first law of thermodynamics? And how does it pertain to cells? - answerEnergy cannot be created or destroyed Cells can't just create their own energy, they need a source. What is the second law of thermodynamics? And how does this pertain to cells? - answerEnergy is transferred, and in every transfer some energy is lost. Cells need a constant input of energy because they lose some as heat What is an endergonic reaction? - answerA reaction that requires energy input. What is an exergonic reaction? - answera reaction that releases energy. Describe the basic structure of ATP, where energy is stored, and how energy is released. - answer-Made up of a triphosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and Adenine -Energy is stored in the triphosphate group -When energy is released, triphosphate group is released and ADP and phosphate group is formed What is the relationship of ATP and endergonic/exergonic reactions? - answerThe making of ATP is an endergonic reaction because it requires energy to build the triphosphate molecule. The making of ADP is exergonic because it releases energy, splitting the triphosphate molecules. What is an Oxidation reaction? What type of reaction is it? - answer-Loss of electrons -Exergonic Reaction What is a Reduction reaction? What type of reaction is it? - answer-Gaining of electrons -Endergonic Reaction Describe the process of diffusion. - answerDiffusion (passive transport) is the spontaneous movement of materials from HIGH to LOW concentration down a concentration gradient (form of energy) through a selectively permeable membrane (like a bouncer). What factors influence diffusion rates? - answer-Temperature -size of molecule -time -distance -Solubility -Surface Areaof membrane -Solvent density What is a selective permeable membrane? How does it influence movement of materials, and what molecules can move through easily? - answerThe membrane chooses which molecules are allowed to pass. Only allows smaller molecules (ie. oxygen and carbon dioxide) can move through easily What is facilitated diffusion? - answerThe movement of molecules across plasma using concentration gradient and a channel protein. does not require energy High to low concentration What is active transport? - answerATP is used to move molecules through protein channel across the membrane, moves LOW to HIGH concentration. used energy input. What is osmosis? - answermovement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, always moves high to low concentration so the solute can't pass through but the water can. What is a hypertonic solution? - answerA solution with higher concentration of solutes (usually salt) than water. What is Tonicity? - answerMeasure of the osmotic pressure of 2 solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. T/F: Water tends to move towards areas that have a lower concentration of solutes. - answerFalse: water moves towards higher concentrations of solutes. What is an isotonic solution? - answerA solution that has an equal concentration of solute (usually salt) and water. What is a hypotonic solution? - answerA solution that has a lower concentration of solute (usually salt) than water.