Praxis 5302- Reading Specialist Latest Update Graded A+

Praxis 5302- Reading Specialist Latest Update Graded A+ Factors that affect literacy development - Medical - Environmental - Cultural - Linguistic - Social - Emotional Developmental continuum of oral language Phases and indicators in a child's oral language development from pre-literacy to independence. Phonological awareness - Definition - Instructional approaches and interventions Definition: The ability to recognize and manipulate the spoken parts of words. It is an auditory skill. Instructional approaches: - Rhyming activities - Blending and segmenting - "Snail Talk" slow down words - Add or remove sounds to words - Identify sounds Phonemic awareness Definition Instructional approaches and interventions Part of phonological awareness. The ability to hear and manipulate individual phonemes. Instructional approaches: - Hearing, differentiating, and producing rhyme - Recognizing and differentiating sounds - Blending syllables - Segmentation Concepts of print Definition Instructional approaches and interventions Awareness of how books, print, and written language function. Instructional approaches: - Read left to right, top to bottom - Parts of the book - sentences start with capital letters and end with periods - Book handling - What is a word Alphabetic principle Definition Instructional approaches and interventions The understanding that letters/letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken language. Instruction: - Teach letter-sound relationships explicitly - Opportunities to practice in context - Add new ones and review learned ones frequently Decoding skills Definition Instructional approaches and interventions The ability to apply knowledge of letter-sound relationships to correctly pronounce written words. Instruction: - Explicit - Repetition - Phonic instruction - Opportunities for application - Manipulatives like sound boxes, magnetic letters, counters Printed-word recognition Students can quickly and automatically translate the letters or spelling patterns of written words into speech sounds so that they can identify words and access their meanings. Instruction: - Sight words - Opportunities for students to decode words and find their meanings - Opportunities to practice Spelling Definition Instructional approaches and interventions Three layers of English Spelling: - Alphabet sound: Learning to sound out each letter - Pattern: Recognizing what combinations of vowels/consonants make different sounds - Meaning: meanings of words and word parts Instructional approach/Intervention: Learning spelling patterns help decode new words in reading and pick up new words for writing. (Word study) Reading fluency Definition Instructional approaches and interventions Reading accurately, smoothly, and with expression. Recognizing words automatically. Instruction: - Modeling - Rereading texts