Nurs 222 final exam Questions Perfectly Answered!!

Florence Nightingale - established first training school for nurses in London Dorothea L. Dix - superintendent of women nurses by union army Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman - led slaves to freedom as nurses Susie King Taylor - taught soldiers to read and write Mary Ann Bickerdyke (mother) - made clinliness a priority Clara Barton (Angle of the Battlefield) - set up field hospitals and founded American Red Cross Linda Richards - first trained nurse in the US Mary Eliza Mahoney - 1st African American professionally educated nurse Julie O. Flikke - nurse to be promoted to the rank of colonel in the US army ANA - American Nurses Association NLN - National League for Nursing, was formed to address issues in nursing education ICN - international council of Nurses, dedicated to uniting nursing organizations AAMN - American assembly of men in nursingKellys Criteria: 8 Characteristics of a Profession - 1. services provided are vital to humanity and to the welfare of society 2. there is a special body of knowledge that is continually enlarged through research 3. the services involve the intellectual activities: individual responsibility (accountability) is strong 4. practitioners are educated in institutions of higher learning 5. practitioners are relatively independent and control their own policies and activities (autonomy) 6. Practitioners are motivated by service (altruism) and consider their work an important component of their lives 7. there is a code of ethics to guide the decisions and conduct of practitioners 8. there is an organization (association) that encourages and supports high standards of practice Occupation - -training may occur on the job -length of training varies. work in largely manual. decision making is guided largely by experiences or by trial and error -values, beliefs, and ethics are not prominent features of preparation. commitment and personal identification vary, workers are supervised. people often change jobs. -material reward is main motivation -accountability rests primarily with employer Profession - -education takes place in a college or university -education is prolonged. work involves mental creativity. decision making is based largely on science or theoretical constructs (evidence-based practice) -values, beliefs, and ethics are an integral part of preparation, commitment, and personal identifications are strong. workers are autonomous. People are unlikely to change professions -commitment transcends material reward -accountability rests with the individual essence of collegiality - -promotion of a supportive and health work environment, cooperation, and recognition of interdependence among members of the nursing profession - can demonstrate collegiality by sharing with, supporting, assisting, and counseling other nurses and student nursescode of ethics - document that guides all nurses in their professional commitment established by ICN and ANA Common law - made by judges ex. torte, battery, false imprisonment, negligence, trespassing, defamation statutory - established through formal legislative processes; written laws ex. Tennessee code Annotated, traffic regulations, tax laws Administrative laws - delegated authority to government agencies ex. social security administration, nurse practice act civil laws - enforces rights of individuals in disputes over legal right or duties ex. bankruptcy, breach in conduct Criminal law - unlawful behavior that threatens society: civil private rights ex. assaults, possession of controlled substance Nurse Practice Act - defines and controls nursing sets minimum educational qualifications determines legal titles and abbreviations nurses may use provides disciplinary action of licenses for certain causes in many states NPA is a statuatory law affecting nursing practice within the bounds of the state Purpose of licensure process for nurses - to protect the public health, safety, and welfare Avoid legal risks - -practice in a safe setting-communicate with other health professionals, patients, and families including accurate documentation -meet the standard of care -carry and understand professional liability insurance -promote positive interpersonal relationships malpractice - when a professional fails to act as a resonablely prudent professional would have 1. commission= did something that should have not been done 2. omission= failing to do things that should have been done 3. delegation= cannot delegate responsibilities like assessment of evaluation