KUBY IMMUNOLOGY- CHAPTER 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

KUBY IMMUNOLOGY- CHAPTER 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS These are specialized sites in the gut and other mucosal tissues that coordinate the encounter of antigen with antigen-specific lymphocytes and their development into effector and memory cells. ex. spleen, lymph nodes - Answer - secondary lymphoid organs These organs (thymus and bone marrow) regulate the development of immune cells from immature precursors. - Answer - primary lymphoid organs It gives rise to all functionally specialized, mature blood cells (red blood cells, granulocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes). - Answer - hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) The process by which HSCs differentiate into mature blood cells is called _____________________ - Answer - hematopoiesis It is where the HSCs reside and give rise to all cell types. - Answer - bone marrow It is where T cells complete their maturation. - Answer - thymus The two important features of stem cells - Answer - ability to regenerate or "self-renew" ability to differentiate into all diverse cell types (pluripotent) These are HSC daughter cells that lose their self-renewal abilities after differentiation. - Answer - progenitor cells True or False. As an organism ages, the number of HSCs increases. - Answer - False The _____________________ gives rise to all red blood cells (the erythroid lineage), granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages (the myeloid lineage), while the _______________ which gives rise to B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells. - Answer - common myeloid-erythroid progenitor (CMP) common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) Cells that originate from the common myeloid-erythroid progenitor (CMP) - Answer - red blood cells granulocytes monocytes macrophages Cells that originate from the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) - Answer - B lymphocytes T lymphocytes NK cells They are the first cells to respond to infection. - Answer - Myeloid cells (monocytes, granulocytes, macrophages) NK cells It is the cell that arises from both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. - Answer - dendritic cells This transcription factor is required for the development of all hematopoietic lineages; in its absence animals die during embryogenesis. - Answer - GATA-2 This transcriptional regulator is required for the self-renewal capacity of HSCs, and in its absence animals die within 2 months of birth because of the failure to repopulate their red and white blood cells. - Answer - Bmi-1 This family of transcriptional regulator is required for lymphoid but not myeloid development; animals survive in its absence but cannot mount a full immune response. - Answer - Ikaros It is one of four Notch family members that regulates the choice between T and B lymphocyte lineages. - Answer - Notch1 Which among the basophils and eosinophils are acidic? - Answer - eosinophils These are white blood cells that are considered part of the innate immune system, which has round multi-lobed nuclei. It contains a compartment filled with a variety of proteins with distinct functions Some damage pathogens directly; some regulate trafficking and activity of other white blood cells, including lymphocytes; and some contribute to the remodeling of tissues at the site of infection. - Answer - granulocytes It contains the majority of circulating leukocytes and the main component of pus. After differentiation in the bone marrow, it is released to the blood and circulates for 7 to 10 hours before migrating to tissues. These cells significantly increase due to inflammatory chemokines during an infection. PHAGOCYTIC; GRANULOCYTE - Answer - Neutrophils