ACSM STUDY GUIDE LATETS UPDATE GRADED A+

ACSM STUDY GUIDE LATETS UPDATE GRADED A+ BIOMECHANICS principles of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the human body PROXIMAL CLOSER TO THE TRUNK DISTAL further from the trunk SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) above, toward the head INFERIOR (CAUDAL) lower than, toward the feet ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) toward the front POSTERIOR (DORSAL) toward the back MEDIAL closer to the midline LATERAL further from the midline THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane SAGITTAL PLANE makes a division into right and left portions FRONTAL PLANE makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions TRANSVERSE PLANE makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions ROTATION movement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the midline CIRCUMDUCTION a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction EVERSION turning the sole of the foot away from the midline INVERSION turning the sole of the foot toward the midline Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum... AXIAL SKELETON VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE) serves as the main axial support for the body 4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column cervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve, sacral curve KYPHOSIS "primary curves" curves of the thoracic and sacral regions LORDOSIS "secondary curves" curves of the cervical and lumbar region Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis HYPERKYPHOSIS exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature HYPERLORDOSIS exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane scoliosis STERNUM midline of the chest What are the 3 parts of the sternum? manubrium, body, xiphoid process RF for family history myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death to a 1st degree family member when >55 male, >65 female RF for cigarette smoking within 6 months Risk factor for Dyslipidemia LDL