PSY 2012 REVIEW WITH ANSWERS

PSY 2012 REVIEW WITH ANSWERS Ch. 1 • Question 1 5 out of 5 points Although the bulk of psychology focuses on human behavior, studying animal behavior has been an essential part of the discipline that allows for . Selected Answer: c. making essential comparisons with humans • Question 2 Ancient Greek philosophers . 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: a. provided natural explanations for their observations • Question 3 Functionalism emerged partly in response to the publication of . 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: d. The Descent of Man, by Charles Darwin • Question 4 Contrary to popular belief during his time, Hermann von Helmholtz’s work on nerve conduction showed that . 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: a. behavior is not instantaneous • Question 5 5 out of 5 points Between the17th and 19th centuries, supernatural explanations for psychological disorders began to give way to two scientific approaches: . Selected Answer: c. a medical model and a psychological model • Question 8 The psychological perspective that investigates how physical structure and behavior have been shaped by their contributions to survival and reproduction is called psychology. 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: d. evolutionar y • Question 9 5 out of 5 points When psychologists examine psychological phenomena from different perspectives, it . Selected Answer: b. indicates different points of view about behavior • Question 10 Which of the following research questions is most likely to be asked by a cognitive psychologist? 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: c. Do students learn material better when the learning takes place over time or when they “cram” for an exam? • Question 11 The psychology family tree includes two major roots: . 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: a. philosophy and the natural sciences • Question 12 5 out of 5 points It is difficult for others to confirm an individual’s subjective introspections; therefore, this approach does not lend itself well to . Selected Answer: a. the scientific method • Question 14 The psychological perspective that seeks to explain, define, and treat abnormal behaviors is called . 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: d. clinical psychology • Question 15 Which leading behaviorist proposed the law of effect? 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: d. Edward Thorndike • Question 17 A doctor notices that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I were 5 out of 5 points highly anxious, fearful of loud noises, and having difficulty reconnecting with their families. He asks them to record personal observations of their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a journal. This process is called . Selected Answer: d. introspection • Question 18 Walter is applying to graduate programs in psychology and is curious about current trends in the field. What trend is occurring in many psychology graduate school programs? 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: d. Students are trained in combined specialties. • Question 19 5 out of 5 points What is the psychological perspective that focuses on the relationships between mind, behavior, and their underlying biological processes, including genetics, biochemistry, anatomy, and physiology? Selected Answer: a. biological psychology • Question 20 Most philosophers beginning with Aristotle commonly believed that all knowledge is . 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: Ch. 2 d. gained through sensory experience • Question 2 Science is best described as a(n) enterprise. 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: b. collaborative • Question 3 5 out of 5 points A newspaper headline reads, “Are intellectual pursuits the key to preventing Alzheimer’s disease?” The researchers scanned the brains of healthy seniors with no memory loss and asked the seniors to recall how much reading, writing, and game-playing they did in childhood. Those who reported doing daily brain activities from a young age had very low levels of amyloid plaques, which are associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Which of the following best describes this study’s findings? Selected Answer: b. There is a negative correlation between intellectual pursuits and the presence of amyloid plaques. • Question 5 The numerical average of a set of scores is the . 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: d. mean • Question 6 A method for assessing age-related changes that combines the cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches by observing a cross-section of participants over a relatively limited period of time is 5 out of 5 points called a . Selected Answer: a. mixed longitudinal study • Question 7 5 out of 5 points Neil has gathered data regarding self-report of successful smoking cessation. He finds that one of the eight methods used by study participants accounts for a high proportion of the successes. The most useful measure of central tendency to report would be the . Selected Answer: a. mode • Question 8 A group that experiences all experimental procedures with the exception of exposure to the independent variable is called a . 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: b. control group • Question 9 Which of the following term is most synonymous with “reliability”? 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: b. consistenc y • Question 10 5 out of 5 points A variable that is irrelevant to the hypothesis being tested and can alter a researcher’s conclusions is called a(n) . Selected Answer: a. confounding variable • Question 14 A subset of a population being studied is called a . 5 out of 5 points Selected Answer: b. sample • Question 15 Professor Frankel is an editor for a psychology journal. She is considering which submissions to send out for peer review. Which of the following submissions is likely to receive the strongest consideration based on its research methods?