Irene Gold Boards Part 1 - Pathology Exam with 100% Correct Answers

Irene Gold Boards Part 1 - Pathology Exam with 100% Correct Answers Types of degeneration... - Answer ️️ - Calcification, metastatic - Answer ️️ -Calcium infiltration into normal tissue. E.g. hypervitaminosis D., hyperparathyroidism Calcification, dystrophic - Answer ️️ -Calcium infiltration into abnormal/damaged tissue E.g. atherosclerosis or atheroma. Damage to tunica intima Caseous (cheese like) - Answer ️️ -Combination of ischemic cell death & cell lysis. Tuberculosis, giant epithelial cell Cloudy swelling - Answer ️️ -Albuminous. Membrane injured which effects ionic transfer. AKA hydropic change *cloudy swelling is reversible Coagulation - Answer ️️ -Infarction (MI), blood vessels *zymogen Enzymatic - Answer ️️ -pancreas Fatty - Answer ️️ -Liver, aka "nutmeg liver" heart, aka "tabby cat heart" fatty dot > fatty streak > atheroma (fatty plaque) > fibroatheroma (fibrous tissue, calcium) Liquefaction - Answer ️️ -CNS E.g. brain melts, tertiary syphilis, leprosy Skin (if from infection) tabes dorsalis Wallerian - Answer ️️ -Peripheral nerves. Degenerates to the next node of ranvier. "dying back phenomenon" Zenker's (waxy) - Answer ️️ -Hyaline. Most common in skeletal muscle. Muscle replaced with hyaline Degeneration of nucleus... - Answer ️️ -cell must die Karyo = nucleus Karyolysis - Answer ️️ -nuclear fading/rupture (DNA breakdown: irreversible) Karyorrhexis - Answer ️️ -Nuclear swelling (chromattin fragmentation) Pyknosis - Answer ️️ -Nuclear condensation AKA karyopyknosis Developmental changes... - Answer ️️ - Agenesis - Answer ️️ -absence of an organ (usually pair organ) Aplasia - Answer ️️ -Small remnants of the organ present (lack of development) Hypoplasia - Answer ️️ -organ smaller than normal and defective Disturbances of growth... - Answer ️️ - Atrophy - Answer ️️ -Decrease in size (disuse atrophy). seen mostly in muscle Hypertrophy - Answer ️️ -Increase in size (E.g. muscle exercise) Hyperplasia - Answer ️️ -Increase in number of cells (e.g. pregnant uterus, goiter, callous) Metaplasia - Answer ️️ -Changes from one cell type to another. E.g. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PCCE) changing into stratified squamous in lungs of smokers. GERD > Barretts Dysplasia - Answer ️️ -Change in size, shape or function of a cell. Precancerous, but last stage that can reverse to normal Anaplasia - Answer ️️ -Complete disorganization of a cell (cancer) E.g. squamous cell carcinoma Collagen types... - Answer ️️ - Type 1 collagen - Answer ️️ -Bone, muscle, tendons & ligaments, annulus fibrosis Type 2 collagen - Answer ️️ -Disc (specifically nucleus pulposis), notochord Type 3 collagen - Answer ️️ -'Reticular collagen'. found in spleen & lymph nodes. Also seen in early wound healing Type 4 collagen - Answer ️️ -Basement membrane Pneumococnosis: - Answer ️️ -Inhalation & deposition of dust particles in the lung START PAGE 3: PNEUMOCONIOSIS: Inhalation & deposition of dust particles in the lung Silicosis - Answer ️️ -Silica from sand, rock, or glass. Sandblasters at risk. "rocky quarry disease" Asbestosis - Answer ️️ -asbestos leads to mesothelioma. malignant tumor Siderosis - Answer ️️ -Iron dust Byssinosis - Answer ️️ -Cotton dust. "brown lung" Anthracosis - Answer ️️ -Black lung disease from miners. "Caplan's syndrome" = anthracosis + RA Histomycosis/Histoplasmosis - Answer ️️ -Endemic fungus around mississippi or ohio valleys. "Ohio valley fever" AKA "mississippi valley fever" *bird/bat droppings Coccidiomycosis - Answer ️️ -Endemic fungus in deserts of southwest. Aka "san joaquin valley fever". Called 'valley fever' in other states Blastomycosis - Answer ️️ -Endemic fungus on eastern seaboard: From flordia to nova scotia Cryptococcus - Answer ️️ -Bird droppings (in soil) Lung diseases - Answer ️️ - Asthma - Answer ️️ -Sputum analysis yields "Curschmann's spirals" or "Charcot leyden crystals" *Type 1 HS