QBM Exam 1 Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions 2024

QBM Exam 1 Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions 2024 Chapter 1: Overview of the Molecular Biology Geber 1800s: He developed ____ that make ways for molecular biology. From 1700s - 1900s there are huge advancements in ___ (start studying small molecules) 1930s- Understanding of ________ happen 1938s - "Molecular Biology" was written by ______. (First time the word molecular biology actually happen) 1944s - _____ shows DNA was the basis for genes 1953 - ____ and ____ determine the stucture of DNA that finally start the beginning of molecular biology. 1900 - Present - Simple organism was used to perform biochemistry - Phage research - Max Delbruck - answerMolecular biology is the study of molecules and it manipulation for centuries. Geber 1800s - He developed the experimental method, acid synthesis, distillation and cystrallization that make ways for molecular biology. From - There are huge advancements in chemistry, atomic theory, elements , small molecules synthesis. (Small molecules) 1930s - Understanding of DNA, genes, proteins, Biochemistry, Microbiology Genetics, Viology 1938s- "Molecular Biology" got written by Warren Weaver 1944s - Osward Avery showed DNA was the basis for genes (Did a experiment, and found out that DNA is a genetic material) 1953 - James Watson an Francis Crick discover structure of DNA - Real start of Molecular Biology 1900- present - Simple organisms used to perform biochemistry (E.Coli, cereviasiae, Drosophila) Phage research - Max Delbrück (1969 Nobel Prize with Hershey and Luria) at Cold Spring Harbor was a physicist who believed the only biology was "quantitative biology", he trained hundreds of scientists at a Phage Course () who went on to lay the foundations of molecular biology Max Delbruck - The only biology was - answerMax Delbrück (1969 Nobel Prize with Hershey and Luria) at Cold Spring Harbor was a physicist who believed the only biology was "quantitative biology", he trained hundreds of scientists at a Phage Course () who went on to lay the foundations of molecular biology 1953 - Officially the start of Molecular Biology - Central Dogma - answerStructure, inheritance (Watson and Crick, 1953) Birth of molecular biology: DNA → RNA → Protein Throughout this courses we will focus on: Recombinant DNA technology & Protein Expression and Purification - answerThe progress of taking a gene form one source and joining it with another DNA and inserting that new DNA, inserting it into a bacteria to study it. -Cloning, PCR, DNA manipulation, human genome, gene therapy Protein expression and purification Has allowed for an understanding of cellular pathways and their control mechanisms, protein- protein and protein-DNA interactions, and has provided a better understanding of many diseases Molecular Biology: INFO - Study molecular processes to understand cell function - Storage, replication, expression, repair, recombination, and control of genetic information - Structure/function of proteins - Pathways (synthesis, degradation, phosphorylation, activation), errors - Kinetics, thermodynamics, energetics (transport, ATP generation, energy conversion) Molecular biology consists of understanding the mechanisms of_____ exchange within cells - answerStudy molecular processes to understand cell function Storage, replication, expression, repair, recombination, and control of genetic information Structure/function of proteins Pathways (synthesis, degradation, phosphorylation, activation), errors Kinetics, thermodynamics, energetics (transport, ATP generation, energy conversion) Molecular biology consists of understanding the mechanisms of information exchange within cells Carbon →precursors→small molecules→macromolecules→DNA/Proteins - answerCarbon have 4 bonds allow for diversity. The binds, makes precursors such as H₂O, CO₂. These precursors makes small molecules such as nucleotides, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids. Small molecules then make macromolecules - DNA , Proteins. - Large proteins/DNA complexes, enzyme/substrate interactions, chromosomes, organelles, plasma membrane - Held together by covalent bonds and weak forces - Interact with other macromolecules, structural complementarity required for interactions DNA Characteristics of DNA: - answer→Deoxyribonucleic acid →Double stranded, →5'→3' architecture →Base pairing →DNA →protein Central Dogma: Describe it: - answerDNA is made by DNA Polymerase DNA then go through transcription to get RNA Polymerase RNA then go through translation in Ribosomes to get to Protein. Protein will then functions in the cells to help it survive. Proteins: Characteristics of Proteins - answerConsist of amino acids linked by peptide bonds between Carboxyl terminus of the amino acids. Theses amino acids can be acidic, basic, hydrophobic, nucleophilic, small, bulk, and aromatic. Amino acids have groups cause as n-Terminus and C- Terminus. Protein synthesis if from N -to- C terminus. There are 4 structures in proteins. Primary - aa sequences Secondary - αhelix or βsheets. Tertiary - 3D Quaternary - many polypeptides chains interact To see the structures of proteins, computer can be view as - answerlines ball and stick models cartoon ribbons molecular structures Chapter 2: Laboratory Safety, Oversight, and Hazards - answer OSHA - answerOccupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA REQUIREMENTS: - Federal Hazard Communication Standard must inform employee about every potential _____ - Every hazardous substances in the MSDS _____ - ______ Program - Label hazardous properties, handling - Train proper and safe use and handling - answerAbout every potential hazards Every hazardous substances in the Material Safety Data Sheet. MATERIAL HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM Label hazardous properties, handling Train proper and safe use and handling Florida is a "_______" state List of known and suspected carcinogens, safe handling and proper disposal - answerFlorida is a "right to know" state List of known and suspected carcinogens, safe handling and proper disposal Centers for Disease Control BSL1 - BSL2 - BSL3 - BSL4 - - answerCenters for Disease Control - biosafety levels (BSL) 1-4 BSL1 - minimal hazards BSL2 - organisms that cause mild disease BSL3 - potentially lethal organisms BSL4 - extremely high risk organisms with no vaccines or treatment OSHA Requirements for MSDS - answerMaterial Safety Data Sheets for Hazardous Substances (MSDS) Chemical identity - label bottle including all ingredients Physical and chemical properties Physical hazards Health hazards Primary route entry Exposure limits Toxic? Carcinogenic? Flammable? Precautions for safe handling and use (PPE) Applicable control measures Emergency and first aid procedures Date of preparation, latest revision of the MSDS, contact info Laboratory Hazards: Name the 4 health hazards. - answerChemical Biological Electrical and mechanical General laboratory Assessments made prior to laboratory work 1. Identify potenital ___. 2. Knowledge of ____ and ____. - answer- Identify potential hazards Potential severity and probability - Knowledge of chemicals and reagents