APES Unit 5 Exam Review Questions and Answers Graded A+

APES Unit 5 Exam Review Questions and Answers Graded A+ What circumstance can result in a Tragedy of the Commons? One resource must be scarce What is one example of Tragedy of the Commons? air pollution (CO2 emissions from exhaust pipe burning fossil fuels) from traffic congestion in urban areas How are commons protected? private property rights; government regulation; development of a collective action arrangement What is clearcutting? Clearcutting is a cheap method of harvesting trees that involves removing all or almost all of the trees within an area What are two environmental problems associated with clearcutting? destroying buffer zones and habitat destruction What was the Green Revolution? a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties. What are four innovations that lead to the Green Revolution? Genetically modified organisms, irrigation, synthetic fertilizers, use of machines What is tilling? turning up soil; leads to more runoff and erosion Why do people use the slash and burn method? it is a cheap way to create a nutrient rich layer and clear out land How does the slash and burn method impact the environment? it releases CO2 into the atmosphere which is a green house gas that will eventually lead to heating the earth Are inorganic or organic compounds more likely to run off? inorganic (synthetic) What is drip irrigation? small pipes slowly drip water just above ground; saves water What is flood irrigation? the entire field is flooded with water; can water log soil What is furrow irrigation? a trench that is flooded with water; easy and inexpensive What is spray irrigation? large sprinklers that get water from groundwater; expensive Which irrigation method is the most efficient? drip irrigation because it uses the least amount of water What is salinzation and how does it occur? when water-soluble salts accumulate in the soil How do farmers deal with salinization? improve irrigation channels What is an aquifer? a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater Where is the Ogallala Aquifer located? under Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas How do impervious surfaces impact aquifers? reduces infiltration to ground water Why is DDT considered a broad spectrum pesticide? it is toxic to a wide range of insects Why where DDT's banned? it is toxic to the liver and nervous system What are two advantages of chemical pesticide use? high yield and improves quality of food What are two disadvantages of chemical pesticide use? pesticide resistant organisms and affect runoff which can lead to eutrophication How does Integrated Pest Management differ from solely using chemical pesticides? IPM methods are typically natural ways to suppress pests. ex: crop rotation; inter cropping What are two advantages to GMO's? increased yield and increased profit What are two disadvantages to GMO's? no genetic diversity and not adaptable to disease What is the percent change formula? (new-old/old)*100