ILTS 237 Pearson Practice Exam
Questions with Correct Answers
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the moral development of
students in middle school is most often characterized by judgments based on:
A) What pleases and is approved of by others
B) Individual Code of Ethics
C) Socially agreed-upon standards of individual rights
D) Maintenance of social order - Answer-A) What pleases and is approved of by others.
According to the sociocultural perspective of development proposed by Lev Vygotsky,
young children's private speech influences cognitive development in which of the
following ways?
A) Facilitating connections between ideas
B) Building content knowledge to support new learning
C) Prompting reflection on past experiences
D) Guiding thinking and problem-solving processes. - Answer-D) Guiding thinking and
problem-solving processes.
A school psychologist is meeting with a middle school student whose teacher reports
that she consistently refuses to attempt challenging tasks and rarely completes
homework assignments. When the school psychologist raises these issues with the
student, she shrugs and replies "What's the point? I've never been any good at school
and I will probably fail anyway, so why should I even try?" This situation best illustrates
which of the following concepts?
A) Social/emotional objectives need to be integrated into instruction in order for young
adolescents to perform well on cognitive tasks.
B) Students' motivation tends to increase when they feel a sense of control over their
own learning.
C) Issues related to social/emotional development can have a substantial effect on
students' performance in the cognitive domain.
D) The rate at which students achieve developmental milestones often varies across
domains. - Answer-C) Issues related to social/emotional development can have a
substantial effect on students' performance in the cognitive domain.
Compared to students without intellectual abilities, a student with a mild intellectual
disability is more likely to:
A) Perform at or above age-level expectations in the area of practical skills.
B) Demonstrate off-task behavior during whole-class or small-group instruction.
C) Exhibit extreme shyness when asked to respond orally to teacher questions.
,D) Require frequent repetition and verbal prompts to learn and apply new concepts. -
Answer-D) Require frequent repetition and verbal prompts to learn and apply new
concepts.
The presence of a specific learning disability is likely to have the most significant
influence on a student's development in which of the following areas?
A) Moral reasoning skills
B) Emotional attachment
C) Academic self-concept
D) Leadership abilities - Answer-C) Academic self-concept
The parents of a middle school student hold high expectations for their child,
consistently emphasizing the importance of earning high grades and participating in
extracurricular activities that will facilitate acceptance to a competitive college. The
parents ask teachers for additional practice assignments for their child whoever he
scores below an A on assignments and tests. In extracurricular activities, they expect
their child to seek leadership roles whenever possible. The school psychologist should
be aware that extremely high performance expectations may lead to which of the
following outcomes for the student?
A) Poor decision-making skills
B) High levels of anxiety and avoidance behaviors
C) Faculty reasoning abilities
D) Disruptive actions and anti-social tendencies - Answer-B) High levels of anxiety and
avoidance behaviors
A new tenth-grade student has been recently diagnosed with diabetes. The student's
teachers have met with the school nurse to learn about the student's condition and now
the school psychologist is meeting with the teachers to share recent educational data
for the student and discuss strategies for supporting the student's learning needs. In the
course of the discussion, the school psychologist should make it a priority to ensure that
teachers are aware of which of the following information?
A) Variations in blood sugar levels throughout the day will be reflected in the student's
overall energy level.
B) The student will need the support of an academically and socially adept peer who
has been educated about the student's condition.
C) The stress of a chronic illness may affect the student's ability to form long-lasting
friendships.
D) The student may demonstrate behaviors such as confusion, irritability, and difficul -
Answer-D) The student may demonstrate behaviors such as confusion, irritability, and
difficulty concentrating when experiencing insulin distress.
,Given development within expected ranges across domains, a child's consistent
demonstration of a specific set of behaviors such as adventurousness and
outgoingness are most likely based on:
A) Culture
B) Temperament
C) Family structure
D) Parenting style - Answer-B) Temperament
A new teacher is consulting with the school psychologist about student learning. The
teacher wants to adopt a behaviorist approach by using feedback to promote students'
learning. With this goal in mind, the school psychologist should advise the teacher to
emphasize which of the following practices?
A) Implementing team activities focused on engaging students in real-word situations.
B) Utilizing hands-on problem-solving activities with students as a regular part of
instruction.
C) Creating a classroom environment that allows frequent movement and ample student
choice.
D) Linking praise for student's performance with evidence of students' efforts and
strategies. - Answer-D) Linking praise for student's performance with evidence of
students' efforts and strategies.
An elementary school psychologist regularly works with grade-level planning teams.
During these planning meetings, the school psychologist observes that the teachers
take care to incorporate into instructional units a variety of activities. They make sure to
include activities that engage students in logical and sequential thinking and group
learning as well as activities that engage students in creative thinking and the fine arts.
This approach best reflects the principles of which of the following learning theories?
A) Observational learning
B) Multiple intelligences
C) Brain-based learning
D) Information processing - Answer-B) Multiple intelligences
The school psychologist in an elementary school is presenting a workshop for teachers
on responding to individual differences in approaches to learning. The school
psychologist can best support teachers in addressing this issue in their classrooms by
including information in the workshop about which of the following approaches?
A) Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI)
B) Project-based learning
C) Universal Design for Learning
D) Direct instruction - Answer-C) Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
, In school learning environments, individual variability is the norm rather than the
exception. UDL provides a blueprint for creating instructional goals, methods, materials,
and assessments that work for all students.
A student's level of social-emotional development is likely to present the greatest
challenge to the student's ability to be successful in which of the following situations?
A) Participating in a cooperative or collaborative activity.
B) Communicating factual information to a peer
C) Completing a multi-step performance task.
D) Selecting a preferred activity from several choices. - Answer-A) Participating in a
cooperative or collaborative activity.
An elementary school includes a significant number of students who speak a dialect that
is substantially different from the standard classroom English dialect. Speaking a dialect
that is different from the dialect of instruction is likely to affect the student's learning
most in which of the following ways?
A) Increasing the complexity of decoding the students' need to become effective
readers
B) Hindering the students' ability to comprehend and follow verbal instructions
C) Presenting a barrier to social interaction and the students' ability to form positive peer
relationships
D) Suppressing the students' development of a positive and healthy self-concept. -
Answer-A) Increasing the complexity of decoding the students' need to become
effective readers
The differences between a student's dialect and the standard classroom English dialect
may become a risk factor for reading difficulties.
A school psychologist is working with a fifth-grade teacher to address the learning
needs of Joshua, who is academically advanced and has attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD). Joshua is an eager student who is very capable, but is easily
distracted by noises, passerby, or his own thoughts. He has difficulty maintaining his
concentration and, though he is cognitively advanced, often fails to complete in-class
assignments. To provide a learning environment that will support Joshua in fully
realizing his academic strengths, the school psychologist and teacher should begin by:
A) Developing a behavior plan for Joshua and discussing it with Joshua and his parents.
B) Creating an incentive program for Joshua that enables him to earn privileges for
completing his work.
C) Reviewing Joshua's seating in the classroom and organizing his work into smaller
segments.
D) Identifying peers who would be interested and e - Answer-C) Reviewing Joshua's
seating in the classroom and organizing his work into smaller segments.
Questions with Correct Answers
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the moral development of
students in middle school is most often characterized by judgments based on:
A) What pleases and is approved of by others
B) Individual Code of Ethics
C) Socially agreed-upon standards of individual rights
D) Maintenance of social order - Answer-A) What pleases and is approved of by others.
According to the sociocultural perspective of development proposed by Lev Vygotsky,
young children's private speech influences cognitive development in which of the
following ways?
A) Facilitating connections between ideas
B) Building content knowledge to support new learning
C) Prompting reflection on past experiences
D) Guiding thinking and problem-solving processes. - Answer-D) Guiding thinking and
problem-solving processes.
A school psychologist is meeting with a middle school student whose teacher reports
that she consistently refuses to attempt challenging tasks and rarely completes
homework assignments. When the school psychologist raises these issues with the
student, she shrugs and replies "What's the point? I've never been any good at school
and I will probably fail anyway, so why should I even try?" This situation best illustrates
which of the following concepts?
A) Social/emotional objectives need to be integrated into instruction in order for young
adolescents to perform well on cognitive tasks.
B) Students' motivation tends to increase when they feel a sense of control over their
own learning.
C) Issues related to social/emotional development can have a substantial effect on
students' performance in the cognitive domain.
D) The rate at which students achieve developmental milestones often varies across
domains. - Answer-C) Issues related to social/emotional development can have a
substantial effect on students' performance in the cognitive domain.
Compared to students without intellectual abilities, a student with a mild intellectual
disability is more likely to:
A) Perform at or above age-level expectations in the area of practical skills.
B) Demonstrate off-task behavior during whole-class or small-group instruction.
C) Exhibit extreme shyness when asked to respond orally to teacher questions.
,D) Require frequent repetition and verbal prompts to learn and apply new concepts. -
Answer-D) Require frequent repetition and verbal prompts to learn and apply new
concepts.
The presence of a specific learning disability is likely to have the most significant
influence on a student's development in which of the following areas?
A) Moral reasoning skills
B) Emotional attachment
C) Academic self-concept
D) Leadership abilities - Answer-C) Academic self-concept
The parents of a middle school student hold high expectations for their child,
consistently emphasizing the importance of earning high grades and participating in
extracurricular activities that will facilitate acceptance to a competitive college. The
parents ask teachers for additional practice assignments for their child whoever he
scores below an A on assignments and tests. In extracurricular activities, they expect
their child to seek leadership roles whenever possible. The school psychologist should
be aware that extremely high performance expectations may lead to which of the
following outcomes for the student?
A) Poor decision-making skills
B) High levels of anxiety and avoidance behaviors
C) Faculty reasoning abilities
D) Disruptive actions and anti-social tendencies - Answer-B) High levels of anxiety and
avoidance behaviors
A new tenth-grade student has been recently diagnosed with diabetes. The student's
teachers have met with the school nurse to learn about the student's condition and now
the school psychologist is meeting with the teachers to share recent educational data
for the student and discuss strategies for supporting the student's learning needs. In the
course of the discussion, the school psychologist should make it a priority to ensure that
teachers are aware of which of the following information?
A) Variations in blood sugar levels throughout the day will be reflected in the student's
overall energy level.
B) The student will need the support of an academically and socially adept peer who
has been educated about the student's condition.
C) The stress of a chronic illness may affect the student's ability to form long-lasting
friendships.
D) The student may demonstrate behaviors such as confusion, irritability, and difficul -
Answer-D) The student may demonstrate behaviors such as confusion, irritability, and
difficulty concentrating when experiencing insulin distress.
,Given development within expected ranges across domains, a child's consistent
demonstration of a specific set of behaviors such as adventurousness and
outgoingness are most likely based on:
A) Culture
B) Temperament
C) Family structure
D) Parenting style - Answer-B) Temperament
A new teacher is consulting with the school psychologist about student learning. The
teacher wants to adopt a behaviorist approach by using feedback to promote students'
learning. With this goal in mind, the school psychologist should advise the teacher to
emphasize which of the following practices?
A) Implementing team activities focused on engaging students in real-word situations.
B) Utilizing hands-on problem-solving activities with students as a regular part of
instruction.
C) Creating a classroom environment that allows frequent movement and ample student
choice.
D) Linking praise for student's performance with evidence of students' efforts and
strategies. - Answer-D) Linking praise for student's performance with evidence of
students' efforts and strategies.
An elementary school psychologist regularly works with grade-level planning teams.
During these planning meetings, the school psychologist observes that the teachers
take care to incorporate into instructional units a variety of activities. They make sure to
include activities that engage students in logical and sequential thinking and group
learning as well as activities that engage students in creative thinking and the fine arts.
This approach best reflects the principles of which of the following learning theories?
A) Observational learning
B) Multiple intelligences
C) Brain-based learning
D) Information processing - Answer-B) Multiple intelligences
The school psychologist in an elementary school is presenting a workshop for teachers
on responding to individual differences in approaches to learning. The school
psychologist can best support teachers in addressing this issue in their classrooms by
including information in the workshop about which of the following approaches?
A) Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI)
B) Project-based learning
C) Universal Design for Learning
D) Direct instruction - Answer-C) Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
, In school learning environments, individual variability is the norm rather than the
exception. UDL provides a blueprint for creating instructional goals, methods, materials,
and assessments that work for all students.
A student's level of social-emotional development is likely to present the greatest
challenge to the student's ability to be successful in which of the following situations?
A) Participating in a cooperative or collaborative activity.
B) Communicating factual information to a peer
C) Completing a multi-step performance task.
D) Selecting a preferred activity from several choices. - Answer-A) Participating in a
cooperative or collaborative activity.
An elementary school includes a significant number of students who speak a dialect that
is substantially different from the standard classroom English dialect. Speaking a dialect
that is different from the dialect of instruction is likely to affect the student's learning
most in which of the following ways?
A) Increasing the complexity of decoding the students' need to become effective
readers
B) Hindering the students' ability to comprehend and follow verbal instructions
C) Presenting a barrier to social interaction and the students' ability to form positive peer
relationships
D) Suppressing the students' development of a positive and healthy self-concept. -
Answer-A) Increasing the complexity of decoding the students' need to become
effective readers
The differences between a student's dialect and the standard classroom English dialect
may become a risk factor for reading difficulties.
A school psychologist is working with a fifth-grade teacher to address the learning
needs of Joshua, who is academically advanced and has attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD). Joshua is an eager student who is very capable, but is easily
distracted by noises, passerby, or his own thoughts. He has difficulty maintaining his
concentration and, though he is cognitively advanced, often fails to complete in-class
assignments. To provide a learning environment that will support Joshua in fully
realizing his academic strengths, the school psychologist and teacher should begin by:
A) Developing a behavior plan for Joshua and discussing it with Joshua and his parents.
B) Creating an incentive program for Joshua that enables him to earn privileges for
completing his work.
C) Reviewing Joshua's seating in the classroom and organizing his work into smaller
segments.
D) Identifying peers who would be interested and e - Answer-C) Reviewing Joshua's
seating in the classroom and organizing his work into smaller segments.
