ATI CAPSTONE PHARMACOLOGY 2019

ATI CAPSTONE PHARMACOLOGY 2019 A nurse is caring for a client with many different medications who is newly prescribed acetazolamide-reduction of aqueous humor through diuresis in kidneys. What medications can interact with acetazolamide? - Answer-Aspirin, quinidine, lithium, phenytoin, sodium bicarbonate. What class of medication is amitriptyline and why is this medication used as an adjuvant medication for pain? - Answer-Tricyclic antidepressant. Adjuvant medications for pain are used with a primary pain medication, usually an opioid agonist, to increase pain relief while reducing the dosage of the opioid agonist. A nurse is caring for a client with asthma who asks if Montelukast sodium can be taken for acute asthma symptoms. When should Montelukast sodium be taken? - Answer-Once daily at bedtime. For exercise induced bronchospasms, take 2 hours before exercise. A client has a new prescription for salmeterol. The nurse is teaching the client about adverse effects of the medication. What instructions should the nurse include in this education? - Answer-Salmeterol can cause headaches, nervousness, palpitations, tachycardia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, muscle cramps, soreness, trembling, paradoxical bronchospasm and cough. A nurse is instructing a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin transdermal patch about administration. What instructions should the nurse include? - Answer-To ensure appropriate dose, patches should not be cut. Place the patch on a hairless area of skin (chest, back, or abdomen) and rotate sites to prevent skin irritation. Remove old patch, wash skin with soap and water, and dry thoroughly before applying new patch. Remove the patch at night to reduce the risk of developing tolerance to nitroglycerin. Be medication free between 10 and 12 hr./day. A nurse is administering gemfibrozil to a client with elevated cholesterol. Identify two (2) adverse effects related to this medication. - Answer-Jaundice, anorexia, and upper abdominal discomfort can be findings in liver impairment, which can occur in clients taking gemfibrozil. Also, myopathy. A nurse is administering a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to a client. What symptoms would indicate circulatory overload? Name three (3) clinical manifestations - Answer-1. Cough 2. Sob 3. Crackles 4. Tachycardia 5. Htn Interventions: 1. If manifestations occur stop the transfusion, place the client in a sitting position with legs down and notify the provider. 2. Prior to any transfusion, assess kidney, respirtory, and cardiovascular function for risk of overload. 3. In older adults or clients at risk for overload, transfuse 1 unit of PRBCs over 2-4 hour. Monitor vital sings every 15 minutes throughout transfusion. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for raloxifene. What are contraindications for this medication that the nurse should discuss with the client? - Answer-Contraindications: pregnancy, history of venous thromboembolism, stop 3 days before period.