ATI TEAS PREP-2022(Science Section) Verified Answers

ATI TEAS PREP-2022(Science Section) Verified Answers What are ribosomes involved in? Synthesizing proteins from amino acids Where are ribosomes located? Some are mobile and some are embedded in the rough endoplasmic reticulum What is the golgi apparatus(golgi complex) involved in? Synthesizing materials such as proteins that are transported out of the cell. Where is the golgi apparatus located? Located near the nucleus and consists of layers of membrane What are vacuoles involved in? Sacs that are used for storage, digestion, and waste removal What does a vesicle do? Performs varying functions such as moving materials within a cell What does a cytoskeleton do? Help shape and support the cell(consists of microtubules) What are microtubules made of? Protein What do microtubules do? Support the cell(apart of the cytoskeleton) What is cytosol? Liquid material of the cell(mostly made of water) Where is cytoplasm located? Found within the plasma membrane but not within the nucleus What does the cell membrane do? Helps keep cytoplasm in and substances located outside the cell(also determines what enters and leaves) What does the endoplasmic reticulum do? Compromises the transport system of cell What are the types of endoplasmic reticulum and what makes them different? Rough - has ribosomes on the surface Smooth - does not have ribosomes on surface What does the mitochondrion do? Performs various function such as generating ATP and involved in cell growth and death Epithelial Tissue Tissue in which cells are joined together tightly(example-skin) Connective Tissue May be dense, loose, or fatty. It protects and binds body parts(example-bone tissue, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat, blood, and lymph) Cartilage Cushions and provides structural support for body parts. It has a jelly like base and is fibrous Blood Transports oxygen to cells and removes wastes. Carries hormones and defends against disease Bone Hard tissue that supports and protects softer tissues and organs. Its marrow produces red blood cells Muscle Helps support and move the body. Three types - smooth, cardiac, and skeletal Nervous Located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurons control responses to changes in the external and internal environment Medial Nearer to the midline of the body(example-little finger is medial to the thumb) Lateral Further away from the body's midline(example-in anatomical position the thumb is later to the little finger) Proximal Closer to the center of the body(example-hip is proximal to knee) Distal Further away from the center of the body(example-knee is distal to the hip) Anterior In front Posterior Behind Cephalad and Cephalic Towards the head(Cranial) Caudad Towards the tail or posterior(Caudial) Superior Above or closer to the head Inferior Below or closer to the feet Transverse(Horizontal) Plane Divides the body into imaginary upper and lower halves Sagittal Plane Divides the body vertically into left and right sections Coronal(Frontal) Plane Divides the body vertically into front and back sections The upper respiratory system includes: Nose,Nasal Cavity, Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx The lower respiratory system includes: Trachea, Lungs, Bronchial Trees The right lung has ___ while the left has ___, leaving room for the heart. 3,2 What is the MAIN function of the respiratory system? To supply the body with oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide What are other functions of the respiratory system? Filters air, responsible for speech, functions in the sense of smell The _______ and the ______ contract to expand the lungs Diaphragm and Intercostal muscle During inspiration(inhalation) the diaphragm and intercostal muscles do what? Diaphragm - contracts and moves down Intercostal muscles - contract and the ribs expand The breathing process is controlled by the portion of the brainstem called the _______ Medulla oblongata(monitors the CO2 in the blood and signals breathing rate to increase) What is the circulatory system responsible for? Internal transport of substances to and from the cells The circulatory system consists of what three things? Blood, blood vessels, and heart The lymph vascular system does what? Cleans excess fluids and proteins and returns them to the circulatory system The walls of all blood vessels(except capillaries) consist of three layers which are? The innermost tunica intima, tunica media, and outermost tunica adventitia Elastic arteries Aorta and major branches Tunica media has more elastin than any other blood vessels. They are the largest vessels in the arterial system. Muscular arteries Includes the arteries that branch off of the elastic arteries Tunica media has a higher proportion of smooth muscle cells and fewer elastic fibers as compared to elastic arteries Arterioles Tiny vessels that lead to the capillary beds Tunica media is thin, but composed almost entirely smooth muscle cells Venules Tiny vessels that exit the capillary beds Thin, porous walls; few muscle cells and elastic fibers Veins Thin tunica media and tunica intima, Wide lumen, Valves prevent backflow of blood Blood is composed of what? Red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma Red blood cells transport what to cells? Oxygen White blood cells do what? Defend the body against infection and remove various wastes The heart is made up of what type of muscle? Cardiac muscle The heart has four chambers that contain what? Each half contains an atrium and ventricle and the halves are separated by a valve known as the AV