Maternal Child Nursing 5th Edition by McKinney- ISBN- 978-0323401708 TEST BANK Chapter 40: The Child with a Fluid and Electrolyte Alteration Verified 2024 Practice Questions and 100% Correct Answers with Explanations for Exam Preparation, Graded A+

Maternal Child Nursing 5th Edition by McKinney- ISBN- 978-0323401708 TEST BANK Chapter 40: The Child with a Fluid and Electrolyte Alteration Verified 2024 Practice Questions and 100% Correct Answers with Explanations for Exam Preparation, Graded A+ The parents of a child with acid-base imbalance ask the nurse about mechanisms that regulate acid-base balance. Which statement by the nurse accurately explains the mechanisms regulating acid-base balance in children? a. The respiratory, renal, and chemical-buffering systems b. The kidneys balance acid; the lungs balance base. c. The cardiovascular and integumentary systems d. The skin, kidney, and endocrine systems ANS: A The acid-base system is regulated by chemical buffering, respiratory control of carbon dioxide, and renal regulation of bicarbonate and secretion of hydrogen ions. Both the kidneys and the lungs, along with the buffering system, contribute to acid-base balance. Neither system regulates acid or base balances exclusively. The cardiovascular and integumentary systems are not part of acid- base regulation in the body. Chemical buffers, the lungs, and the kidneys work together to keep the blood pH within normal range. PTS : OBJ : 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 888 Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity 2. A child has a 2-day history of vomiting and diarrhea. He has hypoactive bowel sounds and an irregular pulse. Electrolyte values are sodium, 139 mEq/L; potassium, 3.3 mEq/L; and calcium, 9.5 mg/dL. This child is likely to have which of the following electrolyte imbalances? a. Hyponatremia b. Hypocalcemia c. Hyperkalemia d. Hypokalemia ANS: D A serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L is considered hypokalemia. Clinical manifestations of hypokalemia include muscle weakness, decreased bowel sounds, cardiac irregularities, hypotension, and fatigue. The normal serum sodium level is 135 to 145 mEq/L. A level of 139 mEq/L is within normal limits. A serum calcium level less than 8.5 mg/dL is considered hypocalcemia. A serum potassium level greater than 5 mEq/L is considered hyperkalemia. PTS : OBJ :