NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 (100% correct and graded A+)

HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - Answer-can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate 4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard" measures P24 antigen can test 10 days post exposure Mast cell - Answer-Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process. Histamine - Answer-Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling. Cytokines - Answer-Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed. Leukotrines - Answer-Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and t of inhibition for singular. Prostaglandins - Answer-Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever. Chemotactic factors - Answer-Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation Neutrophils - Answer-Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute inflammation Monocytes - Answer-Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity. Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.Cytokine IL1 function - Answer-Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a Cytokine IL6 function - Answer-Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs Cytokine TNF function - Answer-Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis Cytokine growth factor function - Answer-Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils Complement - Answer-Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization. Kinin - Answer-Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation. Coagulation cascade - Answer-Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms. COX1 - Answer-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance COX2 - Answer-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development. COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - Answer-Protect gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function , monitor labs. Arachidonic pathway purpose - Answer-Synthesis of prostaglandins