NR 511 Final exam 100% accurate!

NR 511 Final exam 100% accurate! cervical Spondylosis - ANSWER - Chronic, degenerative, causes stiffness and pain, very common 50yo - S: neck stiffness, mild aching esp with activity, trouble turning neck from side to side, limited ROM, Paresthesias follow dermatomes O:weak shoulder abduction, bicep weakness (c6 involvement), tricep weakness (C7 involvement), myelopathy s/s: leg weakness, gait disturbances, balance problems, impaired fine motor loss of bowel and bladder control dx: MRI tx: if radiculopathy: cervical traction. physical therapy, NSAIDs, oral steroid, steroid epidural injections, surgery (last) edu: 75-90% of pts improve with conservative tx Lumbar spinal stenosis - ANSWER Narrowing of one or more levels of the L spinal canal and compression of nerve roots. L1-2 most common - S: symptoms may follow lifting accident or minor trauma or gradually occur. pseudoclaudication causing radicular complaints in calves, butt, upp thighs, weakness in legs and butt. may improve by leaning forward. leg/back pain after sleeping on back O: + romberg test, impaired proprioception, sensory changes, decr anal sphincter tone dx: x-ray, MRi tx: b/b incontinence, neuro changes or gait disturbances may need surgery. NSAIDs, Folic acid, B12, PT/OT, decr belly fat, bicycling, lumbar epidural corticosteroid injection Cauda Equina Syndrome - ANSWER *medical emergency* S: BLE weakness, anesthesia, or paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks (saddle anesthesia). may or may not be B/B incontinence or bladder retention (may not be reversed). S/S may be acute or insidious. stumbling, weak quads or hip extensors, unable to walk on heels and toes, foot drop. dx:MRI management: surgical lumbar decompression s/s and management of sprains - ANSWER - usually have swelling, pain and disability (or deformity) -1st: stretching of ligamentous fibers- symptom Tx -2nd: tear of part of the ligament, with pain and swelling- Immobilization to protect injured part, but full healing expected -3rd: complete ligamentous separation- immobilization; possible surgery - Hx of sudden injury or fall -redness/bruising over the joint, decr A&P ROM,pain with movement of joint s/s and management of strains - ANSWER - affect the muscles or tendons that connect to a muscle to a bone.