BIOD 210 MOD 3 genetics - portage learning Nutrition 2024

BIOD 210 MOD 3 genetics - portage learning Nutrition 2024 Energy Balance - CORRECT ANSWER-defined as a state when one's energy intake is equivalent to the amount of energy expended. In other words, the number of calories ingested from food and beverages must be equal to the number of calories burned through basic body functions plus exercise. Thus, in order to prevent weight gain and maintain an appropriate weight, we must understand the concept of energy balance. Positive Energy Balance - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs if more calories (energy) are consumed than expended. There are certain periods when we need to consume more calories than we expend (ex. period of growth [pregnancy/child development]). Over time the excess consumption leads to wt gain, consuming an extra 500 calories a day over what is expended, you could gain one pound in a week. (1 lb of fat = 3500 kcal) For most adults, the excess calorie consumption eventually leads to an increase in body fat. Fat is stored in adipose cells, which are often categorized by 2 distinct stages: - CORRECT ANSWER-(1) Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of fat cells often occurring during periods of growth, such as adolescence or pregnancy. (2) Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of fat cells, most often seen in periods of low growth and maintenance, such as throughout adulthood. Negative Energy Balance - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs if fewer calories are consumed than calories expended. At times, an individual may be unintentionally in negative energy balance, such as during an illness or trauma as they would negatively affect appetite and intake. In other cases, an extremely high amount of energy is required for healing, such as someone who has suffered a major burn injury. However, for most of the population, being in negative energy balance is an intentional act. Calories are limited and/or exercise is increased with the goal of weight loss. energy expenditure - CORRECT ANSWER-Remember our sole source of energy intake is from food and beverages which are easy to obtain due to the structure of our society however these choices tend to be high in fat, calories, and sodium. consumption of a Snickers bar = 14 grams of fat, 35 grams of carbohydrates, and 4 grams of protein, providing 282 calories. *Reminder: Carbohydrates and protein each yield 4 kcal/gram, fats yield 9 kcal/gram, and alcohol yields 7 kcal/gram