Stroke Certification (Passed!)

what is the mainstay of acute therapy for stroke? correct answers tPA (alteplase) T/F: most patients don't arrive to the ED in time to receive tPA correct answers true what is the time window that tPA needs to be given in? correct answers within 4.5 hours of onset of symptoms what is the most disabling side effect of stroke therapy? correct answers ICH what are 2 hallmark signs of stroke? correct answers one-sided weakness and drooping face secondary prevention of stroke involves controlling/managing risk factors, ____ ____, and the use of ___ ____ in all patients correct answers educating patients, antithrombotic agents (most patients will also receive a statin and a BP lowering agent) Stroke may be a result of cerebrovascular (____) or cardioembolic (____) sources. The final result of both thrombus formation and embolism is an arterial ____ -> decreased cerebral blood flow and ischemia distal to the occlusion. Thrombosis may take place in a few minutes or hours or even days to fully evolve. A large vessel can take longer to become occluded than a smaller vessel and there may be warning signs. One of the most important warning signs is a ____. correct answers thrombotic, a. fib, occlusion, TIA where are pharmacologic interventions most likely to be effective in stroke? correct answers penumbra (that zone is supplied with blood by collateral arteries but if their perfusion is not re-established quickly then the cells in the penumbra will die too b/c collateral circulation is inadequate to maintain the oxygen demand) headache is more common with ___ stroke correct answers hemorrhagic what are 5 factors associated with increased stroke risk? correct answers advanced age, DM, symptoms more than 10 minutes, weakness, and impaired speech ABCD^2 is a simple score used to identify individuals at high early risk of stroke after TIA, what are the 5 categories? correct answers age, BP, clinical features, duration of symptoms, daibetes how do you manage TIA? correct answers manage risk factors (same as for ischemic stroke) name 4 non-modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke correct answers age, race (black & hispanic), family history of stroke/TIA, prior stroke/TIA name 11 modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke correct answers HTN, smoking, DM, asymptomatic carotid disease, dyslipidemia, sickle cell disease, a. fib, dietary factors, physical inactivity, CAD, HF