ucla eps sci 1 final exam with certified solutions

ucla eps sci 1 final exam with certified solutions define science The observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of phenomena. OR a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. define geology The scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the earth. Give examples of how science can be useful They can prevent harmful false explanations ie when George Washington died from blood-letting when he just had a cold. They can have useful applications ie filtered water, smart phones, aviation. Distinguishbetween"basic"and"applied"science,and explain how the former can lead to the latter. Basic science, such as understanding how cells work, is research aimed at understanding fundamental problems. Applied science, such as the medical field, is the application of basic scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. So there are applications in the medical field based on the understanding of how cells work. State different ways in which geology can be useful, and give examples. Geology gives us an understanding of the Earth (and other planets) so it can help mitigate natural hazards (ie reinforced concrete in earthquake-prone areas) and unnatural hazards (ie solving the effects of a sewage leak into groundwater), it is key to finding and extracting useful resources (ie oil and important minerals for day-to-day use), and to dealing with the resulting environmental consequences (ie over-mining and pollution) Distinguish between a science, the thing being studied scientifically, and the people doing it. science is an enterprise (or pursuit, endeavor, etc.), which can investigate different things and the different things could be like earth (geology), life (biology), behavior/mind (psychology), etc. It's conducted by "scientists," but if it's a matter of the thing being studied then they're classified as like geologists, biologists, psychologists, etc Give examples of scientists doing good. Edward Jenner coming up with the idea for vaccines, Jonas Salk creating the Polio vaccine, Rachel Carson writing Silent Spring--a conservation science book about the effects of ddt on egg shells of birds of prey Discuss how science considered morally bad can beprevented. Can be prevented through government regulation ie the FDA and by funding "good" science programs ie NASA and NSF. Also, scientists can join associations like the World Medical Association (WMA) which declares ethical principles regrading human experimentation. Describe how human flaws can negatively impact the quality of the science that they do. Scientists can be biased or dishonest with their findings which can affect the data and make their findings untrustworthy. List the steps/components of the scientific method. It's a cycle of making observations, then thinking of questions, then forming a hypothesis and developing testable predictions. From there, you can gather data to test predictions which will either lead to developing general theories or altering the initial hypothesis leading back to developing testable predictions. Once you're at the stage of developing general theories, though, you can make more observations and the cycle continues. Describe how adherence to the scientific method ensures evidence-based explanations for phenomena. It ensures evidence-based explanations because part of the scientific method is literally gathering data to test the predictions and from that developing general theories. Discuss factors in good experimental design. A control group (used to challenge previous scientific method; does not receive treatment), sufficient sample size (to get more reliable results), a representative sample(must represent the population of what's being studied), and it should be a reproducible experiment(so that it can be redone and more data can be gathered). Explain