INSTRUCTOR MANUAL
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
METHODOLOGY
WITH GROUND & FLIGHT BRIEFINGS
IN FLYING AIRCRAFT
FOR INSTRUCTOR FI(A)
IN TEACHING PPL/CPL VFR TRAINING
FOR TRAINER OF INSTRUCTOR FII(A)
IN TEACHING FUTURE VFR INSTRUCTORS
FOR FUTURE INSTRUCTOR
FI(A)
IN LEARNING VFR TEACHING
Manual based on “The Pilot’s Manual 1 – Flight School” by ASA
And based on the FI course received by my trainer.
,INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 2
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 3
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
SUCCESS OF A FLIGHT TRAINING AND LEARNING
Dear (candidate) instructor and trainer,
Your success as instructor is only dependent of some items: reading a lot, the personal
willing to study and discover, a good preparation of the lesson BEFORE the flight, to
memorize all necessary information. Then let it know to the student pilot that he has to
prepare also ahead the lessons he will receive in flight. In addition, it will cost less to
the student pilot, as less training will be necessary to achieve the same level of
proficiency.
So, I encourage the (candidate) instructors to read this manual to learn and deepen
their knowledge and to ask the student pilots to read their methodology manual two to
three lessons in advance in accordance with the training manual (PPL or CPL) in
order to be well prepared to receive the lessons. And to encourage the students to ask
you questions, when necessary, even if you are not the assigned instructor. be open to
any critique!
And review this manual from time to time, the human memory is not like the one of a
computer, it evaporates …
Of course, this flight training methodology goes along with a deep understanding of
the theory: Meteorology, Technical and Aerodynamics, Navigation, Human Factors,
Air Law, Phraseology ant particularly for the instructors the “Teaching and Learning
Process” without forgetting the TEM (Threat and Error Management).
The knowledge of the airplane via the Aircraft book (Pilot Operating Handbook or
Aircraft Flight Manual) on which you will fly is also important.
So reread any items that go along with the flight training; see the PPL or CPL
Training Manual for the theoretical paragraphs to review.
Enjoy this reading and your training,
Philippe
Instructor & Examiner: FE, FI (PPL/CPL/NIGHT), CRI, IRI, Instructor Trainer,
renewal and revalidation of instructor, AUPRT-I
Airline Pilot A330 A340 and TRI/A A320
NB: Do not hesitate to contact me for any improvement of this document, especially if you
find mistakes! J
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 4
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
CONTENT OF THIS MANUAL
Ø Exercise 1 Familiarization with aircraft + Radio calls + Departure briefing
Ø Exercise 1 E Emergency procedures
Ø Exercise 2 Preparation before and action after flight
Ø Exercise 3 Air experience
Ø Exercise 4 Effects of controls
Ø Exercise 5 Taxiing
Ø Exercise 5 E Emergency procedures
Ø Exercise 6 Straight and level flight
Ø Exercise 7 Climbing
Ø Exercise 8 Descending
Ø Exercise 9 Turning
Ø Exercise 10 A Slow flight
Ø Exercise 10 B Stalling
Ø Exercise 11 A Spin: recovery at incipient stage
Ø Exercise 11 B Spin: Developed – entry & recovery
Ø Exercise 12 Take-off and climb to downwind position
Ø Exercise 13 The circuit, approach and landing
(+ SHORT/SOFT FIELD)
Ø Exercise 12/13 E Emergency procedures
Ø Exercise 14 First solo
Ø Exercise 15 Advanced turning
Ø Exercise 16 Forced landing without power
+ STALL: IN CLIMB AND CLIMBING TURN
Ø Exercise 17 Precautionary landing
Ø Exercise 18 A Pilot Navigation
Ø Exercise 18 B Navigation at lower levels/reduced visibility
Ø Exercise 18 C Radio navigation
Ø Exercise 19 Introduction to Instrument Flying
Ø Exercise 20 Night flight
Ø FINAL EXAM
Ø ANNEX 1: a deep course about navigation preparation
Ø ANNEX 2: EASA AMC1 FCL.210.A PPL(A) __ Experience requirements and
crediting
Ø ANNEX 3: PPL or LAPL?
Exercise 11 B is not required for the PPL course but is a requirement for the
Aircraft Flight Instructor course.
The data highlighted in yellow in this document (for Cessna 150/2) are to be
modified depending on the aircraft! Some data in (blue) for TB10.
The data highlighted in green in this document are mainly common to all aircraft.
Some data does not apply to certain aircraft!
This manual does not substitute, whatever the case, the aircraft manual OR ANY
RULES OR LAWS.
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 5
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
BRIEFINGS
There are 2 kinds of briefings:
- Ground briefings
EX x: … – GROUND
- Flight briefings
EX x: … – FLY
Those two kinds of briefings are the minimum required information and training
to give to the student for him to receive the minimum information during his
training in order to succeed the exam but also to comply with EASA requirements.
THIS MANUAL MUST BE LEARNED AND/OR USED WITH THE STUDENT/PILOT
MANUAL.
THE STUDENT/PILOT MANUAL CONTAINS SOMETIMES MORE INFORMATION THAN
THE INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL.
With Cessna C150/2
Some texts are to be adapted to another kind of aircraft.
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 6
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
EXEMPLE OF:
HOW TO ORGANISE A COURSE FOR A PPL?
To repeat exercises, if necessary, due to student or weather …
To split the flight if student is a slow catcher, or weather ….
FLIGHT EXERCICE NEW
TO REPEAT EXERCICE
1 3
2 1, 2
3 4
4 6, 9
5 6, 9 5
6 5, 6, 9 7, 8
7 7, 8
8 7, 8 10 A
9 10 A 10 B
10 10 B 11 A
11 11 A 11 B
12 12, 13, E
13 12, 13, E
14 12, 13, E
15 12, 13, E
16 12, 13, E 14
17 12, 13, E 14
19 12, 13, E 14
20 14, 10B 15
21 14 17
22 14 16
23 18 A
24 18 A
25 SOLO NAV 18 A
26 DIVERSION 18 A
27 SOLO CCT 18 A
OUTSIDE
28 18 B
29 18 C
30 SOLO LONG 18
NAV
31 19
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 7
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
EXEMPLE OF:
ORGANISATION OF A COURSE FOR FUTURE INSTRUCTOR
TO ADAPT TO THE SITUATION IF NECESSARY
FI of FI STUDENT
FLIGHT GROUND FLY GROUND FLY
FLT 1 EX 1 2 3 EX 1 2 3
2 EX 4 5 EX 4 5 EX 1 2 3 EX 1 2 3
3 EX 6 9 EX 6 9 EX 4 5 EX 4 5
4 EX 7 8 EX 7 8 EX 6 9 EX 6 9
5 EX 10 A + B EX 10 A + B EX 7 8 EX 7 8
6 EX 10 A + B EX 10 A + B
7 EX 11 A + B EX 11 A + B
8 EX 11 A + B EX 11 A + B
9 EX 12 13 + E EX 12 13 + E
10 EX 12 13 + E EX 12 13 + E
11 14, 15 15
12 17. 16 17. 16 14, 15 15
13 18 A 17. 16 17. 16
14 18 B 18 A 18 A
15 18 C 18 B 18 B
16 18 C 18 C
17 19 19
18 19 19
19 20 20
20 20 20
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 8
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
EX 1: FAMILIARISATION – GROUND
OBJECTIVES OF THE INSTRUCTOR
Ø Familiarize the student with ground preparation
Ø Raise awareness of the responsibilities of the pilot
Ø Inform the student about the physical sensations of the flight
Ø Make the student immediately responsible for external lookout
Ø Show important landmarks and their orientation in relation to the airport
Ø Explain the role of Airspeed Indicator, Altimeter and Directional Gyro
MOTIVATION
Ø This first flight will allow the student to discover a new environment and new
sensations, and even to act on the controls.
ON THE GROUND
Ø Aids
o Documents of the aircraft
o Distribution Office
o Navigation map
Ø Points to be demonstrated:
o Local weather and winds (ATIS), and NOTAMs
§ https://www.belgocontrol.be
o Superficial review of documents (legality of the flight)
o Show on the navigation map the location of the airport and area to be
overflown, routes to exit and enter the area
o Inspection of the aircraft (with brief explanations)
o Introduction to the cockpit
o Have the student read the checklists
o Start and integration procedures for the circuit (do not leave the circuit
before reaching 1000 feet AGL at least, or even the circuit plus 500 feet.
Do not join directly to base or final unless authorized)
o Procedures for entry and exit of the control area used (AIP)
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 9
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
EX 1: FAMILIARISATION – GROUND (2)
FAMILIARISATION WITH AIRCRAFT
The INSTRUCTOR does almost everything!
Ø CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIRCRAFT
Ø COCKPIT (to be seen when in the aircraft)
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 10
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
EX 1: FAMILIARISATION – GROUND (3)
FAMILIARISATION WITH AIRCRAFT (2)
1. Turn indicator
2.Anemometer 19. Card box
3.Directional Gyro (OPT) 20. Air conditioning control (hot and cold
4.Artificial horizon (OPT) air)
5.Watch (OPT) 21. Control of flaps
6.Registration of the aircraft 22. Cigarette lighter (OPT)
7.Variometer (OPT) 23. Mixture control
8.Altimeter 24. Wing Leveller (OPT)
9.Marker Beacon indicators and radio switches 25. Microphone (OPT)
(OPT) 26. Trim wheel
10. VOR and ILS (OPT) 27. Throttle control
11. Mirror with adjusting lever 28. Carburettor Heater Control
12. Radios (OPT) 29. Electrical switches
13. Tachometer 30. Fuses
14. Gasoline and oil indicators 31. Alternator Circuit Breaker
15. ADF (OPT) 32. Radio lighting rheostat
33. Instrument lighting rheostat
16. Vacuum pressure gauge (OPT)
17. Ammeter 34. Start ignition contact
18. Overvoltage lamp 35. Power Switch (battery and alternator)
36. Control of injection pump (primer)
37. Parking brake
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
METHODOLOGY
WITH GROUND & FLIGHT BRIEFINGS
IN FLYING AIRCRAFT
FOR INSTRUCTOR FI(A)
IN TEACHING PPL/CPL VFR TRAINING
FOR TRAINER OF INSTRUCTOR FII(A)
IN TEACHING FUTURE VFR INSTRUCTORS
FOR FUTURE INSTRUCTOR
FI(A)
IN LEARNING VFR TEACHING
Manual based on “The Pilot’s Manual 1 – Flight School” by ASA
And based on the FI course received by my trainer.
,INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 2
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 3
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
SUCCESS OF A FLIGHT TRAINING AND LEARNING
Dear (candidate) instructor and trainer,
Your success as instructor is only dependent of some items: reading a lot, the personal
willing to study and discover, a good preparation of the lesson BEFORE the flight, to
memorize all necessary information. Then let it know to the student pilot that he has to
prepare also ahead the lessons he will receive in flight. In addition, it will cost less to
the student pilot, as less training will be necessary to achieve the same level of
proficiency.
So, I encourage the (candidate) instructors to read this manual to learn and deepen
their knowledge and to ask the student pilots to read their methodology manual two to
three lessons in advance in accordance with the training manual (PPL or CPL) in
order to be well prepared to receive the lessons. And to encourage the students to ask
you questions, when necessary, even if you are not the assigned instructor. be open to
any critique!
And review this manual from time to time, the human memory is not like the one of a
computer, it evaporates …
Of course, this flight training methodology goes along with a deep understanding of
the theory: Meteorology, Technical and Aerodynamics, Navigation, Human Factors,
Air Law, Phraseology ant particularly for the instructors the “Teaching and Learning
Process” without forgetting the TEM (Threat and Error Management).
The knowledge of the airplane via the Aircraft book (Pilot Operating Handbook or
Aircraft Flight Manual) on which you will fly is also important.
So reread any items that go along with the flight training; see the PPL or CPL
Training Manual for the theoretical paragraphs to review.
Enjoy this reading and your training,
Philippe
Instructor & Examiner: FE, FI (PPL/CPL/NIGHT), CRI, IRI, Instructor Trainer,
renewal and revalidation of instructor, AUPRT-I
Airline Pilot A330 A340 and TRI/A A320
NB: Do not hesitate to contact me for any improvement of this document, especially if you
find mistakes! J
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 4
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
CONTENT OF THIS MANUAL
Ø Exercise 1 Familiarization with aircraft + Radio calls + Departure briefing
Ø Exercise 1 E Emergency procedures
Ø Exercise 2 Preparation before and action after flight
Ø Exercise 3 Air experience
Ø Exercise 4 Effects of controls
Ø Exercise 5 Taxiing
Ø Exercise 5 E Emergency procedures
Ø Exercise 6 Straight and level flight
Ø Exercise 7 Climbing
Ø Exercise 8 Descending
Ø Exercise 9 Turning
Ø Exercise 10 A Slow flight
Ø Exercise 10 B Stalling
Ø Exercise 11 A Spin: recovery at incipient stage
Ø Exercise 11 B Spin: Developed – entry & recovery
Ø Exercise 12 Take-off and climb to downwind position
Ø Exercise 13 The circuit, approach and landing
(+ SHORT/SOFT FIELD)
Ø Exercise 12/13 E Emergency procedures
Ø Exercise 14 First solo
Ø Exercise 15 Advanced turning
Ø Exercise 16 Forced landing without power
+ STALL: IN CLIMB AND CLIMBING TURN
Ø Exercise 17 Precautionary landing
Ø Exercise 18 A Pilot Navigation
Ø Exercise 18 B Navigation at lower levels/reduced visibility
Ø Exercise 18 C Radio navigation
Ø Exercise 19 Introduction to Instrument Flying
Ø Exercise 20 Night flight
Ø FINAL EXAM
Ø ANNEX 1: a deep course about navigation preparation
Ø ANNEX 2: EASA AMC1 FCL.210.A PPL(A) __ Experience requirements and
crediting
Ø ANNEX 3: PPL or LAPL?
Exercise 11 B is not required for the PPL course but is a requirement for the
Aircraft Flight Instructor course.
The data highlighted in yellow in this document (for Cessna 150/2) are to be
modified depending on the aircraft! Some data in (blue) for TB10.
The data highlighted in green in this document are mainly common to all aircraft.
Some data does not apply to certain aircraft!
This manual does not substitute, whatever the case, the aircraft manual OR ANY
RULES OR LAWS.
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 5
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
BRIEFINGS
There are 2 kinds of briefings:
- Ground briefings
EX x: … – GROUND
- Flight briefings
EX x: … – FLY
Those two kinds of briefings are the minimum required information and training
to give to the student for him to receive the minimum information during his
training in order to succeed the exam but also to comply with EASA requirements.
THIS MANUAL MUST BE LEARNED AND/OR USED WITH THE STUDENT/PILOT
MANUAL.
THE STUDENT/PILOT MANUAL CONTAINS SOMETIMES MORE INFORMATION THAN
THE INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL.
With Cessna C150/2
Some texts are to be adapted to another kind of aircraft.
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 6
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
EXEMPLE OF:
HOW TO ORGANISE A COURSE FOR A PPL?
To repeat exercises, if necessary, due to student or weather …
To split the flight if student is a slow catcher, or weather ….
FLIGHT EXERCICE NEW
TO REPEAT EXERCICE
1 3
2 1, 2
3 4
4 6, 9
5 6, 9 5
6 5, 6, 9 7, 8
7 7, 8
8 7, 8 10 A
9 10 A 10 B
10 10 B 11 A
11 11 A 11 B
12 12, 13, E
13 12, 13, E
14 12, 13, E
15 12, 13, E
16 12, 13, E 14
17 12, 13, E 14
19 12, 13, E 14
20 14, 10B 15
21 14 17
22 14 16
23 18 A
24 18 A
25 SOLO NAV 18 A
26 DIVERSION 18 A
27 SOLO CCT 18 A
OUTSIDE
28 18 B
29 18 C
30 SOLO LONG 18
NAV
31 19
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 7
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
EXEMPLE OF:
ORGANISATION OF A COURSE FOR FUTURE INSTRUCTOR
TO ADAPT TO THE SITUATION IF NECESSARY
FI of FI STUDENT
FLIGHT GROUND FLY GROUND FLY
FLT 1 EX 1 2 3 EX 1 2 3
2 EX 4 5 EX 4 5 EX 1 2 3 EX 1 2 3
3 EX 6 9 EX 6 9 EX 4 5 EX 4 5
4 EX 7 8 EX 7 8 EX 6 9 EX 6 9
5 EX 10 A + B EX 10 A + B EX 7 8 EX 7 8
6 EX 10 A + B EX 10 A + B
7 EX 11 A + B EX 11 A + B
8 EX 11 A + B EX 11 A + B
9 EX 12 13 + E EX 12 13 + E
10 EX 12 13 + E EX 12 13 + E
11 14, 15 15
12 17. 16 17. 16 14, 15 15
13 18 A 17. 16 17. 16
14 18 B 18 A 18 A
15 18 C 18 B 18 B
16 18 C 18 C
17 19 19
18 19 19
19 20 20
20 20 20
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 8
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
EX 1: FAMILIARISATION – GROUND
OBJECTIVES OF THE INSTRUCTOR
Ø Familiarize the student with ground preparation
Ø Raise awareness of the responsibilities of the pilot
Ø Inform the student about the physical sensations of the flight
Ø Make the student immediately responsible for external lookout
Ø Show important landmarks and their orientation in relation to the airport
Ø Explain the role of Airspeed Indicator, Altimeter and Directional Gyro
MOTIVATION
Ø This first flight will allow the student to discover a new environment and new
sensations, and even to act on the controls.
ON THE GROUND
Ø Aids
o Documents of the aircraft
o Distribution Office
o Navigation map
Ø Points to be demonstrated:
o Local weather and winds (ATIS), and NOTAMs
§ https://www.belgocontrol.be
o Superficial review of documents (legality of the flight)
o Show on the navigation map the location of the airport and area to be
overflown, routes to exit and enter the area
o Inspection of the aircraft (with brief explanations)
o Introduction to the cockpit
o Have the student read the checklists
o Start and integration procedures for the circuit (do not leave the circuit
before reaching 1000 feet AGL at least, or even the circuit plus 500 feet.
Do not join directly to base or final unless authorized)
o Procedures for entry and exit of the control area used (AIP)
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 9
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
EX 1: FAMILIARISATION – GROUND (2)
FAMILIARISATION WITH AIRCRAFT
The INSTRUCTOR does almost everything!
Ø CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIRCRAFT
Ø COCKPIT (to be seen when in the aircraft)
, INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE MANUAL Page 10
Methodology for flying aircraft 03/2024
in teaching VFR Training rev 03
EX 1: FAMILIARISATION – GROUND (3)
FAMILIARISATION WITH AIRCRAFT (2)
1. Turn indicator
2.Anemometer 19. Card box
3.Directional Gyro (OPT) 20. Air conditioning control (hot and cold
4.Artificial horizon (OPT) air)
5.Watch (OPT) 21. Control of flaps
6.Registration of the aircraft 22. Cigarette lighter (OPT)
7.Variometer (OPT) 23. Mixture control
8.Altimeter 24. Wing Leveller (OPT)
9.Marker Beacon indicators and radio switches 25. Microphone (OPT)
(OPT) 26. Trim wheel
10. VOR and ILS (OPT) 27. Throttle control
11. Mirror with adjusting lever 28. Carburettor Heater Control
12. Radios (OPT) 29. Electrical switches
13. Tachometer 30. Fuses
14. Gasoline and oil indicators 31. Alternator Circuit Breaker
15. ADF (OPT) 32. Radio lighting rheostat
33. Instrument lighting rheostat
16. Vacuum pressure gauge (OPT)
17. Ammeter 34. Start ignition contact
18. Overvoltage lamp 35. Power Switch (battery and alternator)
36. Control of injection pump (primer)
37. Parking brake
