ca. 1765 ● Hargreaves invents spinning jenny;
● Arkwright creates water frame
1769 Watt patents modern steam engine
1775-1783 American Revolution
ca. 1780-1850 Industrial revolution; population boom in Britain
1790’s-1840’s Romantic movement in literature and arts
1799 Combination Acts passed
1805-1848 Muhammad Ali modernizes Egypt
1802-1833 Series of Factory Acts passed by British government to limit the
workday of child laborers and set minimum hygiëne and safety
requirements
1809-1848 Metternich serves as Austrian foreign minister
1810 ● Strike of Manchester cotton spinners
● Germaine de Staël publishes On Germany
1815 ● Holy Alliance formed;
● Revision of Corn Laws in Britain
ca. 1815 Western European countries seek to adopt British industrial methods
1819 Karlsbad Decrees issued by German Confederation
1820 Congress of Troppau proclaims the principle of intervention to
maintain autocratic regimes
1821 Austria crushes a liberal revolution in Naples and restores the Sicilian
autocracy
1823 French armies restore the Spanish regime
1824 Combination Acts repealed
1829 Stephenson introduces the Rocket, an early locomotive
1830 ● Greece wins independence from Ottomans
● Charles X repudiates the Constitutional Charter; insurrection
and collapse of the government follow
● Louis Philippe succeeds to the throne and maintains a
narrowly liberal regime
1830’s Industrial banks in Belgium
1832 Reform Bill in Britain
1834 Zollverein erected among most German states
, 1839 Louis Blanc publishes Organization of Work
1839-1842 ● First Opium War
● Treaty of Nanking
1839-1876 Western-style Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman empire
ca. 1840s-1890s Realism dominant in Western literature
1840 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon publishes What is Property?
1842 Mines Act passed in Britain
1844 Engels publishes The Condition of the Working Class in England
1845-1851 Great Famine in Ireland
1847 Ten Hours Act in Britain
1848 Revolutions in France, Austria, and Prussia; Marx and Engels publish
the Communist Manifesto
● January
○ Uprising in Naples Italy
● February
○ Revolution in Paris; proclamation of provisional
republic
● March
○ Revolt in Austrian Empire;
○ Hungarian autonomy movement;
○ Uprisings in German cities
● May
○ Frankfurt parliament convenes to write a constitution for
a united Germany
● June
○ Republican army defeats “June Days” workers uprising
in Paris;
○ Austrian army crushes working-class revolt in Prague
● Sept-Nov
○ Counter-revolutionary forces push back reformers in
Prussia and the German states
● December
○ Francis Joseph crowned Austrian emperor
○ Louis-Napoleon elected president in France
First public health law in Britain
1849 ● March
○ Frankfurt parliament completes draft constitution, elects
Frederick William of Prussia emperor of a Lesser
Germany, which he rejects
● June
○ Russian troops subdue Hungarian autonomy
movement
○ Prussian troops dissolve the remnants of the Frankfurt
parliament
● Arkwright creates water frame
1769 Watt patents modern steam engine
1775-1783 American Revolution
ca. 1780-1850 Industrial revolution; population boom in Britain
1790’s-1840’s Romantic movement in literature and arts
1799 Combination Acts passed
1805-1848 Muhammad Ali modernizes Egypt
1802-1833 Series of Factory Acts passed by British government to limit the
workday of child laborers and set minimum hygiëne and safety
requirements
1809-1848 Metternich serves as Austrian foreign minister
1810 ● Strike of Manchester cotton spinners
● Germaine de Staël publishes On Germany
1815 ● Holy Alliance formed;
● Revision of Corn Laws in Britain
ca. 1815 Western European countries seek to adopt British industrial methods
1819 Karlsbad Decrees issued by German Confederation
1820 Congress of Troppau proclaims the principle of intervention to
maintain autocratic regimes
1821 Austria crushes a liberal revolution in Naples and restores the Sicilian
autocracy
1823 French armies restore the Spanish regime
1824 Combination Acts repealed
1829 Stephenson introduces the Rocket, an early locomotive
1830 ● Greece wins independence from Ottomans
● Charles X repudiates the Constitutional Charter; insurrection
and collapse of the government follow
● Louis Philippe succeeds to the throne and maintains a
narrowly liberal regime
1830’s Industrial banks in Belgium
1832 Reform Bill in Britain
1834 Zollverein erected among most German states
, 1839 Louis Blanc publishes Organization of Work
1839-1842 ● First Opium War
● Treaty of Nanking
1839-1876 Western-style Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman empire
ca. 1840s-1890s Realism dominant in Western literature
1840 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon publishes What is Property?
1842 Mines Act passed in Britain
1844 Engels publishes The Condition of the Working Class in England
1845-1851 Great Famine in Ireland
1847 Ten Hours Act in Britain
1848 Revolutions in France, Austria, and Prussia; Marx and Engels publish
the Communist Manifesto
● January
○ Uprising in Naples Italy
● February
○ Revolution in Paris; proclamation of provisional
republic
● March
○ Revolt in Austrian Empire;
○ Hungarian autonomy movement;
○ Uprisings in German cities
● May
○ Frankfurt parliament convenes to write a constitution for
a united Germany
● June
○ Republican army defeats “June Days” workers uprising
in Paris;
○ Austrian army crushes working-class revolt in Prague
● Sept-Nov
○ Counter-revolutionary forces push back reformers in
Prussia and the German states
● December
○ Francis Joseph crowned Austrian emperor
○ Louis-Napoleon elected president in France
First public health law in Britain
1849 ● March
○ Frankfurt parliament completes draft constitution, elects
Frederick William of Prussia emperor of a Lesser
Germany, which he rejects
● June
○ Russian troops subdue Hungarian autonomy
movement
○ Prussian troops dissolve the remnants of the Frankfurt
parliament
