TAMU BIOLOGY 111 - LAB 1 THE DISCOVERY PROCESS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+ 2024 LATEST UPDATE

Microscope An optical instrument used by biologists to view small objects Dissecting Microscope Allows us to see larger and live specimen; Creates a 3D view of specimen. Utilizes both transmitted and reflected light. Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:05 / 0:15 Full screen Compound Microscope View smaller details and specimen. Uses transmitted light. Can examine specimen under several magnifications. Compound Microscope Uses transmitted light only, higher magnification/lower resolution, one lens = 2D images; single objective. Dissecting Microscope Uses both transmitted and reflected light; lower magnification, greater resolution; two lenses = 3D images; separate objectives for each eye Paracentric An object in the center of the field of view in one magnification is in the center of the field of view in any magnification Parfocal Ability to remain focus wen changing from one objective lens to another with little or no adjustment. Resolving Power Distinguishing two points as separate (the higher the magnification, the lower it is) Working Distance Distance between objective and slide (higher objectives causes it to decrease) Calculating Total Magnification Objective magnification times 10 Unifying Theories of Biology The Cell Theory, The Gene Theory, The Theory of Heredity, The Theory of Evolution The Cell Theory all living organisms are made up of cells; all cells come from pre-existing cells, all cells are the basic unit of life The Gene Theory Genes is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function; Genes are a unit of inheritance; DNA contains instructions for making an organism and is made up of nucleotides The Theory of Heredity Changes in DNA can be inherited by the offspring; traits are passed down form parents to offspring The Theory of Evolution Most fit individuals reproduce most, new species form with time Steps in the Scientific Method 1. Observe and formulate questions 2. Reflect on the implications 3. Propose a hypothesis 4. Test Hypothesis 5. Analyze results 6. Support, reject, or modify the hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis (H1) Independent variable will have an effect Null Hypothesis (H0) Independent variable will not have an effect