Management Organizational Behavior Exam 1 Latest 2023 Graded A

Management Organizational Behavior Exam 1 Latest 2023 Graded A Organizational Behavior A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness. Management getting things done through others interpersonal "blank" skills play a huge role in determining a managers effectiveness. Organization consciously coordinated social unit Planning, organizing, leading and controlling 4 types of manager work Planning encompasses an organizations goals, establishes strategy to achieve goals, develops a set of plans to integrate and coordinate activities Organizing determines how tasks are done, who is to do them who reports to who and where decisions are to be made Leading Direct+ coordinate staff, motivate employees, direct activities, select effective communication channels, and resolve conflict Controlling keep organization on track Figure head required to perform routine duties of a legal+ social nature Leader responsible to motivate and direct employees Liaison maintains network of outside contacts Monitor serves as the nerve center of the internal and external information of the organization Disseminator transmits info received from outsiders to members of organization Spokesperson transmits info to outsiders on organizations plans Entrepreneur searches organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change Disturbance Hander responsible for corrective action when an organization faces important, unexpected disturbances Resource Negotiator Represents at major negotiations Technical Skills ability to apply specialized knowledge Human Skills ability to understand, communicate, and motivate other people both individually and in groups Conceptual Skills ability to integrate new ideas with existing processes and innovate on the job Traditional Management decision making, planning, controlling Communication exchange routine info Human Resource Management motivating, disciplining, and managing conflict Networking socializing and interacting with outsiders Experimental, Correlational, Observational Methods for investigating OB Experimental high control over setting, focuses on a few variables, aims to test hypothesis, good at establishing causality. Observational Low control, aims to capture richness of a real setting, difficult to establish causality Correlational uses surveys, involves measuring variables, using statistics to determine association. Very convenient to conduct but results have several interpretations. Contingency Perspective There is no best way to manage, it depends System Perspective Everything is Linked. Decisions come with intended and unintended circumstances. Cognitive Dissonance The contraindication between action/behavior and attitude that people find uncomfortable therefore try and reduce Attitude are evaluative statements- either favorable or unfavorable- about objects, people and events Cognitive component What you think, a description or belief of the way things are. "An evaluation" Affective Component often leads to behavioral outcomes. What you feel about the way things are. "A feeling" Behavioral Component What you/react as a result of the way things are "An action" psychological empowerment the degree to which one influences at work and the meaningfulness of their job. organizational commitment An employee with " blank blank" identifies with a particular organization and its goals +wishes to remain a member perceived organizational support the degree to which an employee feels their organization cares about their contribution Exit response a response to job dissatisfaction directed towards leaving organization and looking for new employment Voice response a response to job dissatisfaction directed towards actively and constructively trying to improve work conditions Loyalty response a response to job dissatisfaction directed towards passively but optimistically waiting for work conditions to improve Neglect response a response to job dissatisfaction directed towards passively letting conditions get worse and also resulting in lateness and absenteeism Openness to experience Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience. Openness reflects the degree of intellectual curiosity, creativity and a preference for novelty and variety a person has. It is also described as the extent to which a person is imaginative or independent and depicts a personal preference for a variety of activities over a strict routine. Conscientiousness A tendency to be organized and dependable, show self-discipline, act dutifully, aim for achievement, and prefer planned rather than spontaneous behavior. High conscientiousness is often perceived as stubbornness and obsession. Low conscientiousness is associated with flexibility and spontaneity, but can also appear as sloppiness and lack of reliability Extroversion Energy, positive emotions, urgency, assertiveness, sociability and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others, and talkativeness. High extroversion is often perceived as attention-seeking, and domineering. Low extroversion causes a reserved, reflective personality, which can be perceived as aloof or self-absorbed Agreeableness A tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others. It is also a measure of one's trusting and helpful nature Neuroticism The tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, and vulnerability. Neuroticism also refers to the degree of emotional stability and impulse control and is sometimes referred to by its low pole, "emotional stability". Machiavellian-ism An individual high in "Blank" is pragmatic, emotionally distant, and believes ends justify means. Not usually well liked and always out for themselves Self-monitoring describes and individuals ability to adjust behavior to external situational factors Geographic Segmentation The grouping of consumers on the basis of where they live. Ex) nations, states, cities Demographic Segmentation Dividing the market by variables such as age, life-cycle, family dynamic, income, gender, religion, ethnicity and education level Psychographic Segmentation Dividing the market on the basis of personality, lifestyles, and social class Behavioral Segmentation divides customers into groups based on how they use the product or service. occasion segmentation behavioral segmentation based on when a customer gets the idea to buy, make their purchase, use purchased item. benefit segmentation segments divided according to the different benefits that consumers seek from the product user status Markets can be segmented into nonusers, ex-users, potential users, first-time users, and regular users usage rate markets can be segmented into light, medium, and heavy product users loyalty status consumers can be loyal to brands, stores, and companies Cross-market segmentation Grouping consumers with similar needs and buying behaviors irrespective of their location Undifferentiated mass marketing Marketing strategy ignores segment differences and goes after whole market Differentiated targeting strategy Target several market segments and design separate offers for each concentrated targeting strategy When a company goes after a large share of one or a few smaller niches Micromarketing Tailoring products and marketing programs to suit the tastes of specific individuals and locations mass communication Interact one to one with masses of customers to design products, services, and marketing programs tailor-made to individual needs value proposition How the product will create differentiated value for targeted segments Product Position way a product is defined by consumers on important attributes- place the product occupies in minds of consumer relative to competitors Stereotyping judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs Networking A successful manager spends most time Communication An effective manager spends most tims