Chemical Senses SCNM questions & answers graded A+ 2023/2024

Chemical Senses SCNM flavor - correct answer input from taste buds, stimulation of olfactory receptors, and simulation of chemical-sensitive and somatosenory free nerve endings Taste buds - correct answer fungiform, foliate, vallate papillae tongue = ~5000 taste buds Filiform papillae - correct answer papillae on the tongue no taste buds Three types of cells in taste buds - correct answer supporting cells, sensory receptor (modified cell with neuronlike properties), and basal cells (derived from surrounding epithelium, differentiate into new receptor cells) Basic tastes - correct answer salt, umami (savory), sweet, sour bitter Salty Transduction - correct answer detects NaCl (no receptor) Na channel on apical membranes allow for Na+ influx, which depolarize the cell Sour Trransduction - correct answer (no receptor) due to the increased concentration of H+, depolarization then occurs Sweet & Bitter transduction - correct answer Require receptors on the apical cell membrane CN V in the tongue detects - correct answer pungency, spiciness, temperature, and texture of the food Central Pathway - correct answer first order to solitary nucleus, second participate in reflexes (cough/swallow) or project to cortex via the ipsilateral thalamus Gustatory cortex - correct answer in insula cortex and medial of frontal operculum projects to orbital cortex for olfactory information and projects to amygdala Olfactory system - correct answer perception and transmission influeces emotional, behavioral and reflex responses e.g. maternal behaviors, salivation, nausea Olfactory epithelium - correct answer roof of each nasal cavity, yellow trigeminal nerve fibers--afferents detects noxious irritants (ammonia) Mucus layer - correct answer produced by supporing cells and Bowmans' glands Bipolar receptor cells - correct answer their immotile cilia detect odorants in the mucus Olfactory neurons - correct answer constantly being replaced receptors from basal epithelium ~20 axons bundle to olfactory fila and pass through cribiform to olfactory bulb fila = CN I Periflomerular cells - correct answer interneurons whose dendrites enter the glomeruli and axons enter olfactory tract Olfactory bulb projections - correct answer anterior commisure opposite anterior nucleus +lateral and primary projections