Elements and Macromolecules Questions and Answers Already Passed

Elements and Macromolecules Questions and Answers Already Passed Macromolecule Large Organic Molecules 4 Classes of Macromolecule Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic Acids 2 examples of Nucleic Acids DNA & RNA Monomer of Nucleic Acid Nucleotide Monomer of Protien Amino Acids or Peptide Bonds Monomer of Carbohydrate Monosaccharides- Glucose Disaccharide- Sucrose Polysaccharide- Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose Monomer of Lipids No Specific Monomer Function of Nucleic Acid (DNA) Stores Genetic Information (DNA and RNA) Instructions to make Proteins Proteins Function 1) Cell structure 2) Enzyme Enzyme Biological molecule that acts as a catalyst in a living organism Catalyst Speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the amount of activation energy needed to start that reaction Carbohydrate Function 1) Short term energy source 2)Main energy source Lipids Function 1) Stores long term energy 2) Energy Reserve 3) Provides Insulation 4) Protection Elements that make up Nucleic Acids Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Phosphates Oxygen Elements that make up Proteins Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Elements that make up Carbohydrates Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Elements that make up Lipids Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Difference between Carbohydrates and Lipids Lipids have less oxygen that carbon 2 ways that your uses Carbohydrates Energy Structural Support What are the subunits that make up carbohydrates called? Monosaccharides 3 Monosaccharides Glucose, Galactose, Fructose Long Chains of sugar are called? Polysaccharides 3 Polysaccharides Cellulose, Chitin, Glucogen What are the subunits that make up Proteins? Amino Acids Proteins also act as ________ in cells to control reactions. Enzymes Name 2 functional groups in Amino Acids? Carboxyl group and Amino group What do Proteins do for your body? 1) Proteins act as enzymes to control metabolic reactions 2) Cell Structure What does nonpolar mean? Won't dissolve in water What is a fat made of an alcohol called? Glycerol What is a triglyceride? 3 fatty acid chains and a glycerol What are saturated fats? When there is a SINGLE bond between carbons in fatty acid chains What are unsaturated fats? When there is a DOUBLE bond between carbons in fatty acid chains