HPEX 310 VCU Exam 2 Questions With 100% Correct Answers.

Nutrition - The study of food and nutrients---their digestion, absorption, metabolism, ad their effect on health and disease Nutrients - Substances in food that provide nourishment; they are needed to support body function and maintain health. Three major functions of nutrients in the body - Providing energy, supporting growth and development, and regulating metabolism. Two major groups of nutrients - Macronutrients and Micronutrients Macronutrients - Nutrients that are required in relatively large amounts (more than a few grams per day), provide energy for the body Examples of Macronutrients - Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and waters Kilocalories - The energy contained in foods Carbohydrates - exist in two forms, simple and complex, and serve several functions in the body Simple carbohydrates - A primary source of energy during exercise, brain requires this for normal function, consists of chains of one or two simple sugars. common types are glucose, fructose, and galactose Glucose - a key simple sugar because it plays major role as an energy source for the body, stored in skeletal muscles and the liver as a complex carbohydrate called glycogenComplex Carbohydrates -exist in several forms and includes starches, glycogen, and fiber Starches - long chains of glucose units that are storage form of carbohydrates in plants Fiber - an undigestible carbohydrate found in plants Soluble fiber - dissolves in water; found in legumes, oats, psyllium, flaxseeds, and certain fruits and vegetables; attracts water and forms a gel, it delays stomach emptying, which makes you feel full Insoluble fiber - adds bulk and passes through the gastrointestinal tract largely intact; speeds up transit time, helping to maintain regularity of bowel movements and reducing the rick of colon cancer; found in whole grains, nuts, seeds, and certain vegetables and fruits Lipids - A class of compounds that do not readily dissolve in water; these include fats,oils, and waxes Fats - most common types of lipids found in foods and in your body, an important important fuel source Fatty Acid - consist of a small chain of carbon, hydrogen, and a few oxygen atoms; body stores this in fat cells as triglycerides; released into the bloodstream Unsaturated Fatty Acids - include monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids; found in plants (including nuts, seeds, grains,and vegetable oils); are liquid at room temperature; more hearthealthy Essential fatty acids - two polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleum acid and alpha-linoleic acid) from your diet Saturated fatty acids - solid at room temperature; found in both animal (meat and diary) and plant (coconut and palm oil); increase blood levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterolPhospholipids - vital components of cell membranes and play a key role in emulsification Protein - Major part of lean tissue, totaling 17-20% of body weight Amino Acids - basic structural units of proteins;20 different types of this