Humanities Clep Test 2023/2024

Greek Philosophers Before Socrates -->Pre-Socrates Pythagoras -->6th Century B.C., a Greek philosopher and mathematician, founder of a religous movement called Pythagoreanism Thales -->"Father of Western Philosophy". Greek philosopher who taught that the universe had originated from water. Parmenides -->a pre-socratic Greek philosopher born in Italy. Denied the existence of time, plurality, and motion. NO Change. Founder of Metaphysics. Heraclitus -->a presocratic Greek philosopher who said that fire is the origin of all things and that permanence is an illusion as all things are in perpetual flux (All is change). Zeno -->ancient Greek philosopher who formulated paradoxes that defended the belief that motion and change are illusory (circa 495-430 BC) Socrates -->Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth. Believed writing distorted ideas. His ideas were recorded by his followers (Plato). Atomism -->The idea that matter is made out of atoms Atomists -->Leucippus and Democritus Plato -->one of Socrates' students; was considered by many to be the GREATEST philosopher of western civilization. Explained his ideas about government in a work entitled The Republic. In his ideal state, the people were divided into three different groups. Aristotle -->Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry. pop art -->an artistic movement that emerged in the early 1960s; pop artists took images from popular culture and transformed them into works of fine art mosaics -->patterns or pictures made by embedding small pieces of stone or glass in cement on surfaces such as walls and floors sculpture -->three dimensional work of art, statue bust -->a sculpture of the head and shoulders of a person obelisk -->tall, 4 sided pillar of stone that rises to a point multi-media -->using two or more types of media together to create an art object such as glitter or beads on a painting louise nevelson -->assembled architectural sculptures of "found" wooden objects and used them to construct screens of boxes of varied sizes which she painted in monochromatic colors. constantin brancusi -->(1876) 19th-20th c. Romanian sculptor known for highly simplified archetypical human and animal forms (The Kiss; Bird in Space) cellini -->goldsmith and sculptor, wrote one of the first autobiographies barbara hepworth -->British abstract sculptor michelangelo -->Italian Renaissance artist that painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling and sculpted the statue of David. henry moore -->abstract sculptor who used rounding techniques and very little detail alexander calder -->United States sculptor who first created mobiles and stabiles () hagia sophia -->Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world. Constructed of interlocking domes. gothic age architecture -->stained glass, pointed arches and ribbed vaulting Andrea Palladio -->architect who like a statue at every corner Le Corbusier -->French 20th century architect Christopher Wren -->architect refurbished St. Paul's Cathedral Mies van der Rohe -->United States architect (born in Germany) who built unornamented steel frame and glass skyscrapers () Frank Lloyd Wright -->Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs. flying buttress -->a brace or support placed on the outside of a building