CLEP Introductory Psychology Exam with 100% Correct Answers

Psychologists who are interested in behavioral similarities and differences between species are a. biological psychologists. b. experimental psychologists. c. comparative psychologists. d. animal psychologists. e. physiological psychologists. Correct Answer-c. comparative psychologists. Employee morale and staff cooperation would be the concern of a(n) a. clinical psychologist. b. forensic psychologist. c. social psychologist. d. industrial and organizational psychologist. e. business psychologist. Correct Answer-The correct answer is D. Industrial and organizational psychologists work with management and staff in the world of business. To determine if people are coming to a full stop at an intersection with a new stop sign, the best research method would be a(n) a. naturalistic observation. b. experiment. c. case study. d. correlation. e. survey. Correct Answer-The correct answer is A. In naturalistic observation, the researcher tries to be as inconspicuous as possible so as not to influence the situation. If a researcher wished to determine whether heat causes an increase in aggression, the best approach would be to a. observe people in a public park on hot and cold days. b. compare and cross-reference weather reports with crime statistics. c. recruit participants to a university study, put half in a cold room and half in a hot room, and then observe their behavior. d. compare crime rates in countries that are hot vs. cooler. e. ask people if they feel irritable and prone to aggression Correct Answer-The correct answer is C. The only way to determine whether one variable causes another is to do an experiment. In an experiment, one factor (variable) is manipulated while all other variables are held constant. Non- experimental methods yield correlational results only. Researchers cannot make causal statements from correlational results. In an experiment, subjects given various amounts of alcohol drive a course marked by orange pylons. The independent variable in this experiment is the a. various amounts of alcohol. b. subjects' driving ability before alcohol consumption. c. subjects' driving ability after alcohol consumption. d. the number of orange pylons hit. e. speed through the obstacle course. Correct Answer-The correct answer is A. An independent variable is the variable that experimenters change while holding all other variables constant. In this case, some participants got more alcohol and some got less. Hitting pylons is an outcome (dependent variable) of the amount of alcohol consumed. The researchers did not manipulate individual driving ability. Scientists use replication in order to a. increase validity. b. increase research grants. c. show cause and effect. d. become more confident about their conclusions across a variety of situations. e. satisfy ethics requirements. Correct Answer-The correct answer is D. Replication involves repeating a study to determine whether the results are supported, or whether they occurred due to chance. The psychological perspective which includes the assumption that people are often unaware of the real motives behind their behavior is a. psychoanalysis. b. trait theory. c. behaviorism. d. cognitive psychology. e. humanistic psychology. Correct Answer-The correct answer is A. Psychoanalytic theory assumes that the unconscious plays a major role in human behavior. The theorist who claimed that he could make any dozen healthy babies into anything he wished through conditioning was a. Wilhelm Wundt. b. Sigmund Freud. c. Carl Rogers d. B. F. Skinner. e. John Watson. Correct Answer-The correct answer is E. Watson was an extreme behaviorist. he primary job of most brain cells is a. transmitting messages. b. picking up sensations from the environment. c. thinking and reasoning. d. providing the brain with nutrients