ASCP Hematology Review Exam Questions With Correct Answers

Name the locations of active marrow in adults: - Answer sternum, skull, ribs, pelvis, vertebrae Where does hematopoiesis take place during the first 2 months of gestation? - Answer yolk sac Where does the majority of hematopoiesis take place during the 2nd through 7th month of gestation? - Answer spleen When does the bone marrow take over hematopoiesis? - Answer after birth What are the stages in order of the erythrocyte lineage? - Answer (1)rubriblast, (2)prorubricyte, (3)rubricyte, (4)metarubricyte, (5)reticulocyte, (6)erytrocyte What are the stages in order of the granulocyte (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil) lineage? - Answer (1)myeloblast, (2)promyelocyte, (3)myelocyte, (4)metamyelocyte, (5)band, (6)segmented (7)eos/baso What are the stages in order of the macrophage lineage? - Answer (1)monoblast, (2)promonocyte, (3)monocyte, (4)macrophage What are the stages in order of the platelet lineage? - Answer (1)megakaryoblast, (2)promegakaryocyte, (3)megakaryocyte, (4)platelet What are the stages in order of the lymphocyte lineage? - Answer (1)lymphoblast, (2)prolymphocyte, (3)lymphocyte Which growth factors stimulate the erythrocyte lineage? - Answer GM-CSF, EPO, IL-3 Which growth factors stimulate the granulocyte lineages? - Answer GM-CSF, IL-3 Which growth factors stimulate the platelet lineage? - Answer GM-CSF, IL-3, TPO Which growth factors stimulate the lymphocyte lineage? - Answer IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7 Which protein functions in the transport of Fe? - Answer transferrin What is the major storage form of Fe? - Answer ferritin What is the long-term (H20) insoluble Fe storage form called? - Answer hemosiderin Excess Iron is stored where? What does this cause? - Answer tissues and body organs, hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis Porphyrias are attributed to? - Answer excessive formation of porphrins due to blockages in any enzymatic step in the heme synthesis pathway. Red or port wine colored urine can be seen in which condition related to the build up of heme precursors? - Answer porphyria Neuropsychiatirc symptoms are seen when a build up of which precursors occurs? - Answer early precursors (Delta-aminolevulinic acid/Porphobilinogen) Cutaneous symptoms such as photo-sensitivity and facial hair are seen when a build up of which precursors occurs? - Answer later precursors (uroporphyrinogen/coproporphyrinogen, protoporphyrin/heme) Synthesis of heme requires what two components? - Answer iron, protoporphyrin What are the heme precursors in order of synthesis? - Answer (1)delta-aminolevulinic acid, (2)porphobilinogen, (3)uroporphyrinogen, (4)coproporphyrinogen, (5)protoporphyrin, (6)heme What type of hemoglobin is seen primarily in newborns? - Answer Hgb F What type of hemoglobin is seen primarily in adults? - Answer Hgb A2 What type of hemoglobin is rarely seen in adults as well as newborns? - Answer Hgb A What hemoglobin types are seen in embryos but not in adults or newborns? - Answer gower I, gower II, portland All non-embryonic hemoglobin types are comprised of what type of globin chain? - Answer alpha Hemoglobin A2 is composed of what types of globin chains? - Answer alpha, beta Hemoglobin A is composed of what types of globin chains? - Answer alpha, delta Hemoglobin F is composed of what types of globin chains? - Answer alpha, gamma Multiple transfusions can cause what kind of shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve? - Answer left shift An increase in hemoglobin F can cause what kind of shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve? - Answer left shift A left shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve causes what changes in the following substances: CO2, pH, 2,3-DPG? - Answer increased pH, decreased CO2, decreased 2,3-DPG A right shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve causes what changes in the following substances: CO2, pH, 2,3-DPG? - Answer decreased pH, increased CO2, increased 2,3-DPG How does EDTA work as an anticoagulant? - Answer it chelates Ca++ How does heparin work as an anticoagulant? - Answer it is an anti-thrombin agent Hemoglobin is measured by its conversion to what? By? - Answer cyanomethemoglobin, potassium cyanide, potassium ferricyanide What are potential sources of error in the measurement of hemoglobin? - Answer lipemia, icterus, high white count, resistant hemoglobins (SS, CC) What is the normal reference range of hemoglobin for males? - Answer 14-18 g/dL What is the normal reference range of hemoglobin for females? - Answer 12-16 g/dL Methemoglobin carries iron in what state? - Answer oxidized (Fe3+) What color is methemoglobin? - Answer brown True or False: Methemoglobin can bind O2. - Answer false What causes an increase in carboxyhemoglobin? - Answer smoking, carbon monoxide poisoning What color is carboxyhemoglobin? - Answer cherry red What does the hematocrit measure? - Answer packed cell volume in a percentage What are sources of error seen in using the microhematocrit method to measure the hematocrit? - Answer failure to seal tube adequately, incorrect reading due to uneven clay plug, inappropriate centrifuge specs, excess EDTA resulting in RBC shrinkage How is the hematocrit measured using automated methods? - Answer calculated from MCV and RBC What are sources of error seen in using the automated method to measure the hematocrit? - Answer cold agglutinins, high WBC cound What is the normal reference range for hematocrit of males? - Answer 42-52% What is the normal reference range for hematocrit of females? - Answer 37-47% What is the calculation used for manual cell counts? - Answer # of cells counted X 1/total volume X dilution factor What is the reference range for a WBC? - Answer ul What is the reference range for platelets? - Answer 150 - 400 X 10^3 What is the reference range for MCV? - Answer 80-100 fl What is the reference range for MCH? - Answer 28-32 pg What is the reference range for MCHC? - Answer 32-36% g/dl What is the reference range for RDW? - Answer 11.5-14.5% The function of what cell is to transport O2 to tissues and remove CO2 from tissues? - Answer RBC The function of what cell is a phagocytic response to bacteria? - Answer neutrophil The function of what cell is in humoral and cell mediated immunity? - Answer lymphocyte The function of what cell is an inflammatory response mediator? - Answer basophil The function of what cell is an allergic response regulator? - Answer eosinophil The function of what cell is in clotting? - Answer platelet What are the dyes used in a Wright stain? - Answer eosin, methylene blue What is the pH of the phosphate buffer used in a Wright stain? - Answer 6.4 What can cause a Wright stained slide to appear more blue? - Answer prolonged staining, pH too basic