Genetics final study guide intro to molecular genetics mls 400 oakland

Genetics final study guide intro to molecular genetics mls 400 oakland Genetics Final Exam Important definitions Base: pyrimidines & purines (C, U, T) (A, G) Nucleoside: base + sugar (phosphorylated to become a nucleotide) Nucleotide: phosphate group + sugar + base Sugar may be ribose (RNA) or deoxyribose (DNA - missing hydroxyl group) Antiparallel: 2 sequences have opposite orientation with regard to their 5’ & 3’ ends Complementary: AT/GC rule; purines bond to pyrimidines, and vice versa Intron: Sequence of nucleotides that do not code for proteins (removed during splicing) Exon: Coding sections of an RNA transcript, or the DNA encoding it, that are translated into protein. Codon: a sequence of 3 nucleotides Start codon: AUG Stop codons: UAG, UAA, UGA Amino Acid: protein encoded for by specific codons (in 3’s) Polypeptide: Sequence of amino acids Gene: a unit of inheritance; a sequence of polypeptides Open Reading Frame: Nucleotide sequence that can be translated; start codon to stop codon Allele: Alternate form of a gene at a locus on a chromosome Genome: complete set of genetic instructions (blueprint) Central Dogma: DNA replication → RNA → Protein Semi-Conservative Replication: each DNA molecule composed of ½ of parent & ½ of new complementary strand Law of Segregation: alleles randomly separate into two daughter cells Law of Independent Assortment: the